Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome, wherease eukaryotes have many bar shaped chromsomes. Also, prokaryotes are single cell organisms (there are some single cell eukaryotes, but never multicellular prokaryotes). Because multicellular organisms have so many cells, (such as humans), their chromsomes have to contain a lot of information to provide details to the cell so it can carry out it's job. In eukaryotic cell DNA there are introns and exons. When a gene is needed to be expressed, the cell must remove the information in the sequence that is not needed; ie, the introns. It is believed that the same DNA sequence can actually code for more than one gene because of the cells ability to remove introns and keep exons. for example, the word 'strawberry' contains the code for three words: straw, berry, strawberry. by removing peices of the word, you are left with information that provides a different set of instructions. Prokaryotes do not have introns and exons.
Negative Prokaryotic gene regulation usually comes in the form of feedback inhibition, with the end product of the process either interfering with an enzyme early in the production process, or by directly interfering with the operator sequence, acting as a repressor. There is also positive gene regulation found in prokaryotes. In this case, a repressor is normally attached to a the operator in the nucleotide sequence. A protein or a smaller molecule will act as an activator, attaching to the repressor and de-activating it. Eukaryotic genes have a TATA box right before, and enhancers very far upstream from the promotor sequence. When activators attach to the enhancer regions, a group of mediator proteins and some transcription factors will fall into place, allowing RNA polymerase to attach. This forms the transcription initiation complex. Without any of these elements, the gene cannot be transduced. In this way, eukaryotic genes may be regulated.
FeaturesProkaryotesEukaryotesComments DNA template Smaller genome, nonstructured Larger genome, pack into nucleosomes Larger genome will have more nonspecific sites. Packaging causes general repression Transcription unit Mostly polycistronic Mostly monocistronic, 3 types Eu. have types I, II, III mRNA formation Colinear w DNA Splice out the introns; add poly(A) tails Not all genes have introns or poly(A) tail in eukaryotes Promoter element RNA polymerase holoenzyme can recog. promoter directly RNA polymerase canNOT recog. promoter directly Preinitiation complex (PIC) in eu. is functionally equivalent to prokaryotic holoenzyme Relationship with translation Coupled Uncoupled Eukaryotes have nuclei
In prokaryotic gene expression, RNA is translated into protein almost as fast as it is transcribed; there is no nucleus therefore no separation of the transcription and translation processes. The presence of introns in a prokaryotic genome would interfere with protein function because there would be no time between transcription and translation to splice them out. In contrast, eukaryotic gene expression involves production of a primary TNA transcript from which the introns are introns are removed. There is sufficient time for this to take place because transcription and translation occur inside and ouside the nucleus respectively.
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different between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation
RNA polymerase may recognize a promoter region and begin transcription.
Transcription in prokaryotes happen in the cytoplasm while in the eukaryotes it happens in the nucleus.
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what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
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There are quite a few differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do. Prokaryotic cells are not found in humans while eukaryotic cells are. Prokaryotic cells are primitive while eukaryotic cells are much more evolved.
The main primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that the prokaryotic cells don't contain a nucleus. The eukaryotic cells are also larger than the prokaryotic cells.
placement, cell structure
they are different types of cells
what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
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There are quite a few differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do. Prokaryotic cells are not found in humans while eukaryotic cells are. Prokaryotic cells are primitive while eukaryotic cells are much more evolved.
The main primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that the prokaryotic cells don't contain a nucleus. The eukaryotic cells are also larger than the prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells have small ribsomes, no mitachondria, no nucleus and fewer organelles
the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that prokaryotic are single celled and eukaryotic are multiple cellular.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membranebound organells, while prokaryotic cells don't
The similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells include that they both have vesicles and vacuoles. The differences between them include the fact that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, mitochondria and a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic cells do not.
placement, cell structure
The most notable difference is that eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotic cells do not. A eukaryotic cell is also generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cells. Most living things are made of eukaryotic cells with the exception of some, such as bacteria, which is a prokaryotic cell. A prokaryotic cell can also exist as a unicellular organism.
The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is eukaryotic cell is inside of people, plants, and animals. The prokaryotic is a bacteria cellStudy Island: Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.