Often, normal brain function is impaired and children with encephaloceles experience delays in development.
Encephaloceles refers to defects in the development of a fetal structure called the neural tube. The tube fails to close completely during development of the fetus.
The exact cause of encephaloceles is not yet known. The disorder is passed on from generation to generation, and is more prevalent in families where there is a history of spina bifida.
Encephaloceles are typically due to abnormal development of the neural tube during pregnancy and cannot be prevented. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle before and during pregnancy, such as taking folic acid supplements, can help reduce the risk of certain birth defects, but encephaloceles specifically are not preventable through lifestyle changes.
When the bulging material consists of mainly cerebrospinal fluid, a complete recovery can occur 60-80% of the time. However, the presence of brain tissue in the protruding material can reduce the chances of a complete recovery.
These include the excessive build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain (a condition called hydrocephalus ), paralyzed arms and legs (spastic quadriplegia), an abnormally small head (microcephaly ), difficulty in tasks like walking and reaching.
Protrusion of the brain through a defect in the skull is called an encephalocele. It is a type of neural tube defect that occurs when the neural tube (which forms the baby's brain and spinal cord) does not close properly during embryonic development. Encephaloceles can lead to neurological issues and require surgical intervention.
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