The philosophy of Judaism is that this world is a purposeful creation by God, in which all people are tested concerning their use of free-will. We possess a soul which lives on after the body dies and is held responsible for the person's actions. Anyone who is worthy, Jewish or not, can merit reward in the afterlife.
Here are four basic beliefs of Judaism, from among those codified by Maimonides:
1a. God exists, and is the Creator.
This tells us that the world is not purposeless or chaotic. Life is the result of a deliberate, purposeful, intelligent and kind Creator; not a melancholy chaos or a string of fortuitous accidents.
1b. God is One and unique.
This is the basis of all Western monotheistic belief, which was given to the world by Abraham and his descendants. This belief places God at the center of reality and the center of our world-outlook and thoughts. (See: Biography of Abraham)
1c. God is not physical.
This includes the corollary that no person should be worshiped as God or as a god. Judaism has no god-kings, no demigods, no angel who flouts God's will, and no sports-idols, movie-idols etc.
1d. God is eternal.
This includes the belief that God's ways are also eternal. God is not capricious, forgetful or fickle. Investing in a relationship with God is the only thing that will bear eternal benefits.1e. God rewards the good and punishes the wicked.
This belief provides a vast incentive towards righteousness and, when needed, repentance.
It also forms part of the basis of our belief in the afterlife, since this entire world wouldn't be enough to reward a Moses or punish a Hitler.
2. Prayer is to be directed only to God.
This also teaches us that no person, government or institution is to be accorded blind trust. We pray directly to God, three times a day; and we recount our shortcomings, ask for our needs, and acknowledge our successes with happy thanks.
3. The words of the prophets are true.
The prophecies of the Hebrew Bible have been coming true throughout history. Even secular archaeologists (the unbiased ones) have stated that the Hebrew Bible is the most accurate of historical records, as the disdainful theories of Wellhausen and Bible-critics of his ilk have been shattered by the archaeologist's spade. A list of Bible verses which were deemed anachronistic but later shown to be perfectly accurate would run into the many hundreds. (See: Archaeology and Bible-critics)
4a. The prophecies of Moses are true; and he was the greatest prophet.
4b. The Torah was given to Moses by God.
These two beliefs are the basis of our attitude towards the Torah: it is the center of our lives. Jews are keeping mitzvot (commands), saying blessings, praying, learning Torah and doing acts of kindness and charity all the time. The Torah is the single greatest thing that a Jew has; given to us to provide knowledge, guidance, inspiration, awe and reverence, advice, law, comfort, history and more. It is the basis of Judaism.
4c. There will be no other Torah.
We Jews have been around for 3800 years. New fads, manifestos, beliefs or lifestyles which rear their heads are met by the Jew with a calm, seasoned eye and the proverbial grain of salt. The Torah doesn't change; and every new thing can be measured against the Torah's standards.
See also:
The four main central beliefs and teaching of Judaism is
-The Monotheism
-Following God's Law
-Equality and Social Justice
-The Importance of Study
Source from History Alive!
The four central power were Germany, Italy (at the start), Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
Four;GermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman EmpireBulgaria
Here are twelve. Pick four that appeal to you. -- Reuben -- Levi -- Judah -- Issachar -- Zebulun -- Dan -- Naftali -- Gad -- Asher -- Benjamin -- Ephraim -- Menashe
Yes. Judaism started either in Haran, Turkey/Syria (where Abraham became a monotheist), the Mount Sinai, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt (where Moses received the Ten Commandments), Biblical Israel (where the Jewish religion developed and where post-Temple Judaism also came from), and Babylon, Iraq (where Western Scholars believe that Judaism developed). All four locations are in Southwest Asia.
Of those four, Hinduism was the only one not founded in the Middle East.
Belief in One God Obedience to the TorahAwareness that we have a soulPrayerSee also:Jewish beliefs
The Four Noble Truths were not founded on the teachings of Buddha. Buddhism arose from the Middle Path and the Four Noble Truths.
The four noble truths are central to all Buddhists and might be regarded as the most important values in Buddhism. Many Buddhist would not think of them as beliefs, as they can largely be proven through our own experience. They are: The truth of suffering, why we suffer. The truth of how the suffering begins. The truth of how the suffering can end. The truth of how we can end suffering.
Reconstructionist Judaism
Buddhism does not borrow any belief from any other religion. Buddhism is the teachings of the Buddha, who possessed the golden omniscience, which refers to 'the ability of knowing everything without the help of anyone or anything'. That is, everything the Buddha preached is independent of any other belief and besides, the Buddha's teachings are not beliefs, they are universal truths (the four noble truths, etc.) which were practically found by the Buddha himself.
four noble truths
Since I know that the Eightfold Path, the Three Jewels and the Four Noble Truths are all a basic part of Buddhist teachings, I would have to say that the Five Step approach is not.
The four Noble Truths.
We generally think of the fundamental teachings of Buddhism to be the four noble truths. These ideas would be taught to and understood by most people who regard themselves as Buddhist: 1.The truth of suffering (where we are now) 2.The truth regarding the beginning or origin of suffering 3.The truth connected to the cessation of suffering 4.The truth of an end to suffering through an eight fold path
In Judaism abiya is the four levels or worlds of reality.
The major religions include:Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Confucianism, Christianity, and Judaism
four noble truths