What are the four different perspectives on Human Resource Management?

Answer 1

1) Normative Perspective

The normative viewpoint of HRM bases itself on the concepts of "hard HRM" and "soft HRM," on which the foundations of HRM rest. The perception of "Hard HRM" is the foundation for the traditional approach toward HRM. This concept traces its origins to the Harvard representation that links workforce management to organizational approach. Hard HRM stresses the connection of functional areas such as manpower planning, job analysis, recruitment, compensation and benefits, performance evaluations, contract negotiations, and labor legislations etc to corporate strategy. This implements organization interests over the employees' incompatible ambitions and interests. It views the workforce as unreceptive resources that the organization can utilize and arrange at determination. Soft HRM is identical with the Michigan replica of human resources and is the foundation of the contemporary approach to strategic HRM. This model considers human capital as "assets" more willingly than "resources" and lays pressure on organizational development, disagreement administration, leadership development, organizational culture, and relationship building as a means of increasing conviction and ensuring performance all the way through collaboration. This approach works under the supposition that what is good for the organization is also good for the employee.

2) Critical Perspective

The critical outlook of HRM is a response against the normative awareness. This highlights some intrinsic contradictions within the normative perspective. This perception espouses a breach between expressions, as organizations claim to follow soft HRM policies when they in point of fact enforce hard HRM. A study by Hope-Hailey et al. (1997) finds that while most organizations maintain employees to be their most important assets and make many commitments for their wellbeing and development, as a matter of fact employers make compulsory a hard HRM-based tactical have power over, and the interests of the organization for eternity take priority over the personality member of staff.

3) Behavioral Perspective

The behavioral perspective of HRM has its roots in the incident theory that considers employee behavior as the intermediary between strategy and organizational performance. This hypothesis holds that the reason of human resource interference is to be in charge of employee attitudes and behaviors to go well with the various strategies adopted to achieve the desired performance. This perception thus bases itself on the responsibility performance of employees instead of their skills, knowledge, and abilities. The role of HRM in such a context is to instill and strengthen such behavioral patterns in the workforce.

4) Systems Perspective

The systems perspective describes an organization in terms of input, process, and output, with all these systems concerned in transactions with a immediate environment. The organized activities of employees comprise the input, the alteration of energies within the system at throughput, and the consequential product or service the productivity. An unenthusiastic criticism round provides communications on discrepancy.