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It is known as the Internet backbone.
It is collectively known as the Internet Backbone. Some examples are At&T, Sprint, and MCI.
Internet exchange points were created to keep local traffic local by allowing multiple networks to connect to other networks in a cost efficient way.
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An Internet Exchange Point (IXP) is a physical infrastructure that enables different Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and networks to connect and exchange Internet traffic with one another.
Private IP Addresses are not used for internet data traffic but are intended to be used specifically on internal networks called intranets.
Network+ Guide to Networks answer: Filter traffic based on IP address.
A serverThe device that manages trafic between two networks is a router.
A router passes traffic between networks to reach other computers or servers. A router also does NAT. Nat masquerades traffic behind the router with private IP(Non-internet route able) with the Public IP (Internet route able)
Routers
An IP address has a consistent and predictable route for traffic coming from the internet. A MAC address is not routable.