What are the naga and how and when does one pay them their respects?

Answer 1

This is a huge subject in its own right, I can only give the most basic outline here.

Nagas in the Buddhist and Hindu traditions refer to a category of beings whose existence overlaps the human realm in which we live. I think the Hindu tradition(s) think of them as typically taking the form of large snakes, usually something like a hooded cobra. In Buddhism their precise nature is connected to more regional understanding of water sprites, dragons and snake creatures. The Nagas are mentioned in Buddhist scripture and are accepted to have helped maintain and protect the Dharma in many ways. In certain Buddhist traditions it is accepted that these being are capable of reaching enlightenment, understanding the most advanced Buddhist teachings and also accumulating material wealth and surplus.

The idea of Nagas exist in one form or another throughout Asia and if we open the concept a little it could include some forms of water sprites or water beings we could argue it is a concept present in most cultures.

Across Asia the Naga and Garuda are regarded as being cousins and mythical enemies.

In Tibetan Buddhism offerings to the Naga is a widespread practice and quite specialised, you should seek guidance from a reliable teacher on how to pay them respects. Tibetan teachings place Naga partly in the natural realm so harm to the environment or other creatures is likely to offend rather than build a positive connection.

Some Buddhist see Nagas as mythical or metaphorical beings but in my experience many Buddhists see them as a phenomena as real as humans.