Detection of (enemy) submarines.
airborne, surface ship, and submarine-based sonar systems including depth-finding equipment, guidance hydrophones, sonabuoys, sonar fish finders, navigation and mapping sonar, and anti-submarine sonar equipment
include new mine-hunting sonar systems, vessel alert systems for oil tanker navigation in dangerous seas, sonar fish finders that project live-action sonar images onto display screens, and digital sonar systems
Sonar was not introduced in World War 1.
Sonar technology has evolved from passive sonar systems used in World War I to active sonar systems that emit sound waves and detect their reflections. Modern sonar systems use advanced signal processing and computer algorithms for higher precision and improved target detection capabilities. Additionally, new developments in underwater acoustics have led to the use of multibeam sonar systems for mapping and imaging the seafloor with high resolution.
There are various sonar systems available, each with unique features and applications. Some common types include single-beam, multi-beam, side-scan, and synthetic aperture sonar systems. These systems are tailored for specific purposes such as navigation, bathymetry, underwater mapping, and object detection.
SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) primarily uses sonar systems that include transducers, which emit sound waves and receive echoes. These systems can be categorized into active and passive sonar. Active sonar sends out sound pulses and listens for their return, while passive sonar detects sounds made by objects in the water without emitting sound waves. Common tools used in sonar applications include echo sounders, hydrophones, and sonar arrays.
military just before WW2.
Objects by sound. Mostly in water
In 1915, Paul Langévin invented the first sonar type device for detecting submarines called an "echo location to detect submarines" using the piezoelectric properties of the quartz. He was too late to help very much with the war effort, however, Langévin's work heavily influenced future sonar designs. The first Sonar devices were passive listening devices - no signals were sent out. By 1918, both Britain and the U.S had built active systems, in active Sonar signals are both sent out and then received back. Acoustic communication systems are Sonar devices where there is both a sound wave projector and receiver on both sides of the signal path. The invention of the acoustic transducer and efficient acoustic projectors made more advanced forms of Sonar possible.
SONAR, which was developed by the military to detect submarines.
Multibeam sonar can produce a wider swath of data by transmitting multiple sonar beams simultaneously, increasing coverage and efficiency. This allows for faster mapping of the ocean floor compared to single-beam sonar systems that require slower, sequential scanning. Additionally, multibeam sonar systems provide higher resolution and detail due to the multiple beams working in tandem.
Henry Hess did not invent sonar or radar. Sonar was first developed in the early 20th century by several scientists, including Lewis Nixon and Reginald Fessenden, while radar was independently developed by various scientists in the 1930s, such as Sir Robert Watson-Watt and his team in the UK.