What are the properties of sodium chloride and why?

Answer 1

Some characteristics of sodium chloride

Formula unit: NaCl

Molar mass: 58,439 769 28 g

Chemical bond: ionic

Standard enthalpy of formation, solid: -411,12 kJ/mol at 25 0C

Standard enthalpy of formation, liquid: -385,92 kJ/mol at 25 0C

Standard enthalpy of formation, gas: -181,42 kJ/mol at 25 0C

Standard enthalpy for the change in solution: +3,87 kJ/mol at 25 0C

Standard enthalpy for change of fusion: 27,95 kJ/mol at 25 0C

Standard molar entropy, solid: 72 J/m.K

Standard molar entropy, liquid: 95,06 J/m.K

Standard molar entropy, gas: 229,79 J/m.K

Lattice energy (enthalpy): 789 kJ/mol

Heat capacity: 50 J/m.K

Triple point: 801 0C and 30 Pa

Critical point: 3 600 0C and 36.106 Pa

Solubility in water at 20 0C: 360,9 g/L

Bond strength: -787 kJ/mol

Lattice constant: 5,65 Ã… (564,02 pm)

Aspect (diaphaneity): transparent

Solubility in water at 20 0C: 360,9 g/L

Density: 2,165 g/cm3.

Mohs hardness: 2,5

Knoop hardness: approx. 16

Crystal system: isometric

Class (H-M): m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space goup: Fm3m {F4/m 3 2/m}

Unit cell volume: V 179.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystalline structure: face-centered cubic

Osmotic coefficient: 0,93

Cleavage planes: perfect on {001}

Fracture: conchoidal

Melting point: 801 0C

Boiling point: 1 413 0C

Specific heat capacity: 36,79 J/K.mol

Refractive index: 1,5442

Thermal conductivity: 6,5 W/m.K at 25 0C

Dielectric constant for 102-2.5x1010 Hz: 5,9 at 25 0C

Magnetic susceptibility: -30,3.10-6 cgs

Thermal expansion:

- at 75 K: 19.10-4/K

- at 273 K: 40. 10-4/K

- at 1000 K: 69,5.10-4/K

Reflection loss: 7,5 % for two surfaces at 10 µm

Specific heat: 0,20 cal/(g K) at 273 K

Debye temperature: 321 K

Bandgap: 9 eV

Young's modulus: 39,96 GPa

Rupture modulus: 0,00393 GPa

Shear modulus: 8,97 GPa

Bulk modulus: 24,32 GPa

Poisson ratio: 0,252

etc.