What are the second declension vocative endings in Latin?

Answer 1

The second declension masculine* endings are:

singular:

nominative: -er, -ir, -us

genitive: -ī

dative: -ō

accusative: -um

ablative: -ō

plural:

nominative: -ī

genitive: -ōrum

dative: -īs

accusative: -ōs

ablative: -īs

Words in -ir add the oblique endings directly to the nominative form (vir -> virī); some words in -er drop the -e- before adding oblique endings (magister -> magistrī), while some don't (puer -> puerī). Words in -ius often form the genitive singular in -ī (not -iī).

Words in -us form the vocative singular in -e; words in -ius form the vocative singular in -ī. In all other cases the the vocative is identical with the nominative.

Deus has some irregular forms, including nominative plurals dī and diī in addition to deī.

(*Strictly speaking, these are not masculine endings, but non-neuter ones. There is a small group of feminine 2nd-declension nouns in -us, mostly the names of trees, islands and cities, that are declined in exactly the same way.)

Answer 2

In the 3rd declension, you have the masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns. They each have their own sets of endings. The nominative, however, is unpredictable. Here is a chart:

Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter

Nominative ?? ?? ??

Genitive -is -is -is

Dative -i -i -i

Accusative -em -em -em

Ablative -e -e -e Vocative same as nominative case

Plural

Nominative -es -es -es

Genitive -um -um -um

Dative -ibus -ibus -ibus

Accusative -es -es -es

Ablative -ibus -ibus -ibus

Vocative -es -es -a

Answer 3

There are many masculine singular endings in Latin, depending on the part of speech (noun, adjective or pronoun) and the case (how the word is used in the sentence). Most of these endings are not specific to masculine words.

Probably the set of endings with the best claim to being "masculine singular endings" are the singular endings used for masculine adjectives of the second declension. These are:

• nominative (subject of sentence): -us
• vocative (direct address): -e
• genitive ('of' something): -i
• dative ('to' or 'for' something): -o
• accusative (object of verb or some prepositions): -um
• ablative ('from', 'by' or 'with' something): -o

Answer 4

The third declension does not have a distinct set of feminine endings. The only gender-specific endings in this declension are for the neuter gender.

The non-neuter 3rd declension endings are:

Singular:

• nominative: no specific ending; depends on the noun or adjective
• genitive: -is
• dative: -i
• accusative: -em (rarely -im)
• ablative: -e or -i

Plural:

• nominative: -es
• genitive: -um or -ium
• dative: -ibus
• accusative: -es
• ablative: -ibus

The genitive plural form is -ium for adjectives and so-called i-stem nouns; -um otherwise. A very few nouns appear with an accusative singular in -im instead of -em (e.g. vim "force"; turrim alongside turrem "tower"). Adjectives also take ablative -irather than -e, as do a few i-stem nouns (vi; turri alongside turre).

Answer 5

The second declension vocative ending for the masculine singular is '-e'. For the masculine plural and neuter singular and plural, the vocative ending is the same as the nominative ending.

Answer 6

Latin words in the first declension are generally feminine. The nominative singular usually consists of the stem with the ending -a, with the genitive ending in -ae.

Answer 7

The perfect tense endings in Latin are:

I - i

You - isti

He/She/It - it

We - imus

You (plural - istis

They - erant

Answer 8

Example: Amo, To Love

Singular Plural

Amo Amamus

Amas Amatus

Amat Amant