as u know that there were four caliphs after hazrat Muhammad ( P B U H )wen there is no leader the unity is broken so after longfights the first caliph hazrat abu bakar sidduiqe razitallah anah was made r first caliph or in other words :
The death of Muhammad in 632 created confusion in the nascent Muslim community, for Muhammad had left no details as to who should succeed him. After a heated discussion by the senior members of the community, Abu Bakr was selected as the first caliph.
Ali was the last of the Orthodox caliphs.
they finished by different political events.
Umayyad Caliph Ibrahim ruled for a few weeks at the end of the year 744 C.E. This is the shortest reign of any Caliph.If you are referring to the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, Hassan ibn Ali ruled as Caliph for seven months in 661 C.E. before ceding power to Mu'awiya and conceding the end of the the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Of the four dominant Rightly-Guided Caliphs, colleague Ibrahim El-Osery is correct that Abu Bakr ibn Quhafah reigned for the the shortest amount of time, 27 months from 632 C.E. to 634 C.E.
The four themes of RUssiann history are:1. Invasion and expansion2. Harsh treatment of the common people3. Slow westernization4. Autocratic government
Egypt was conquered by Cambyses II, the ruler of the Achaemenid Empire, the second of the four pre-Islamic Persian Empires
Rashdun means 'the rightly guided one' .A caliph and religious head of the Islamic religion. There are first four Rashduns or four caliphs,the heads of Islamic religion.
It was perceived that these four individuals wanted to rule out of a desire to promulgate Islamic principles and act in a just fashion. This is in comparison to the later dynasties, which were more interested in the trappings of power than being Islamic leaders.
The Umayyad Caliphate came after the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs.
The Rashidun Caliphate was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs (successors) of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (AH 11). These caliphs are collectively known in Sunni Islam as the Rashidun, ... However, after six months the group made peace with Abu Bakr and Ali ...
Ali was the last of the Orthodox caliphs.
Umayyads
It was the umayyads dynasty.
they ruled differently
First 4 Caliphs were not missionaries to Africa , but many other companions of prophet were .
they were the damascus
to northwest europe
they ruled differently