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Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. That means, their power to hear cases is deliniated by the Constitution. If a case falls outside of the requirements set forth in Article III of the Constitution, a Federal court cannot hear the case. The three "requirements" are: Jurisdiction (is the court permitted to hear the case), Standing (do the parties have a right to bring the claim to the court) and Controversy (there must be a dispute to be litigated). Now, these are the very basic requirements. Congress has the authority to further define each of these elements for the Federal courts, as well as, the Federal court's themselves.

On the other hand, state courts are courts of general jurisdiction. This means a matter can always be brought before a state court. Whether or not the matter can remain in state court is another question.

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Q: What are the three ground rules that must be satisfied before a federal court will hear a case?
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