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The three levels of formatting are:

1. Low-level formatting - This is where the sectors and tracks are physically recorded onto the disk. PC builders once had to do this step, but now, nearly all hard drives come low-level formatted. In addition, you won't be allowed to do this, and if you are, the drive will never work again. The drives do not contain the necessary hardware for a successful low-level format. In most cases, if you try to send the low-level format commands, they will be intercepted and just the data areas will be wiped (high-level format), not the control (or "servo") areas nor the boundaries. The main exception here is floppy disks, and they are physically formatted each time they are formatted unless a "quick format" (high level only) is done.

2. Partitioning - This makes the drive recognizable by an operating system and determines how much of the drive will be used for various purposes. For instance, you could have Windows on a partition and Linux on another. But even if you use the entire drive for one thing, you still have to have a partition table with at least one partition.

3. High-level, or "logical" formatting - This simply wipes or at least verifies the data areas and adds the necessary file system structures (FAT, NTFS, Reiser, etc) in an empty state.

A note about "low-level" commands found in the BIOS utility - This only rubs out all the data areas and destroys any partition table and filesystem. It does not actually do a low-level format of the drive (assuming PATA or SATA drives). It only returns the drive back to a condition similar to when it was purchased (with whatever wear it currently has) in that there is no partition table, filesystem, or user data. The low-level formatting is not touched.

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Q: What are the three levels of formatting on a computer?
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