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Q: What are water potential gradients influenced by?
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How is thermohaline circulation influenced by salinity and temperature?

A: It is driven by density gradients, which are affected by salinity and temperature, with cold water and water with higher salt concentrations being more dense


When osmosis do not occur?

Osmosis across the cell membrane doesn't occur when the concentration gradients, and therefore the water potential inside and outside of the cell are the same


The direction of water movement between fluid compartments is determined by?

electrical gradients


What interactions between electrical and chemical gradients does not lead to the establishment of a neuron's resting potential?

Electrical forces push sodiun ions out of the cell


The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example?

Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. Some ions move from high to low concentration gradients through membrane protein channels, and some ion gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.


What are concentration gradients?

Concentration gradients is a solutes. This is used in the body.


Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during what?

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occur during both photosynthesis and respiration. The reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during respiration.Ê


What is the electrochemical gradient of an ion?

spatial variation of both electrical potential and chemical concentration across a membrane. Both components are often due to ion gradients, particularly proton gradients, and the result can be a type of potential energy available for work in a cell


Substances tend to move according to their concentration gradients by the process of?

Process of diffusion. Called osmosis for the process with water.


What is water potential gradient?

similar to potential energy, water flows down a gradient from higher potential to lower potential. Higher potential is generally in the soil/roots and lower potential is at the leaves/atmosphere. The water has potential to flow down the gradient


What is osmosis in terms of water potential?

The net movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential across a permeable membrane


How are concentration gradients maintained for diffusion?

Passive transports such as diffusion and osmosis move down their concentration gradients.