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Byzantine Empire is the term historians use for the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Therefore, there was not a development of two distinct civilisations in the east and west of the empire as the western part disappeared.

After the fall of the west, ties with the west faded. The Byzantines gained control over part of Italy, but then lost it. The religions of the east and west (Catholics and Orthodoxs) also drifted apart. The Byzantines also lost many of its non-Greek territories to Arab and Slav, and later Turkish invaders. As a result, this empire became centred on Greece and Greek in character. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of the empire in 620.
The expansion of the Roman Empire into Eastern Europe.

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Q: What began the development of the two distinct europen civilization of the western romen empire and the eastern byzantine empire?
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