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They find fossils inside their bum
Trilobites were rapidly evolving and widespread organisms, making them ideal index fossils.
Zebra fish are used in scientific research for finding the functions of genes n vertebrate. Scientists have learned that they can learn a lot about functions of human genes by examining the genes of simpler organisms.
While fossils provide an astonishing window into the prehistoric world, they also possess their limitations. From them, scientists can't ascertain the exact coloration, behavior, or vocalizations of extinct creatures. The soft tissues, such as skin and organs, often decay, leaving behind only hard structures like bones or shells. Furthermore, the emotions or social structures of these past creatures remain subjects of speculation. Fossils, though enlightening, can only unveil a fragment of the story.
These scientists are called anthropologists.
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Their DNA
Geologists.
Scientists use a variety of evidence to study early migration, including genetic analysis of modern and ancient populations, archaeological artifacts, isotopic analyses of human remains to trace diet and geographic origin, and studies of ancient pollen and plant remains to reconstruct past environments. By combining these different lines of evidence, scientists can piece together the story of how humans migrated and settled around the world.
fossils
Learn about the earth's past.
Scientists study fossils, ancient tools, and DNA to learn more about early humans. By comparing and analyzing these sources of evidence, scientists can piece together information about the behavior, lifestyle, and relationships of our ancestors.
Aside from fossils we can learn about organisms and how they have changed over the years by looking at the plants and animals we have today.
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Their bone structure from fossils and their morphology
Scientists learn about plants that are extinct by studying their fossils. These fossils will often preserve a plant's remains very well.
By examining fossils and by determining their relative and absolute ages, scientists have collected evidence that supports the theory that species changed over time.