The usual cause of a blown alternator is overload. The alternator will also blow if the battery is connected backwards, even for an instant, such as during jumping. Sometimes, overload is caused by attempting to jump start another car while revving the engine of the first car. The alternator is not designed to carry the current of a starter. Depending on the alternator, protection might be built in, but don't count on it. Rev the engine only to help charge the other battery, and then let the engine idle while starting the other.
Yes it can cause bulbs to blow.
A bad alternator will cause a battery to go bad. It does not have an effect on the air conditioner.
A bad alternator will cause the fan blower not to work properly. Have the alternator tested!
it can be caused by a bad alternator
If it was rebuilt wrong, Yes
no, you can and will blow up
cause of excessive blow- by
An alternator cannot "short" out for years or even minutes. The definition of a short is a wire or circuit touching ground to cause a fuse to blow. The circuit is too "short" for the current to flow through the proper load and back to the battery. The voltage regulator in a alternator can act up from time to time and cause improper charging from the alternator. Or a component of the alternator can go bad and cause a charging system problem intermittently. Your question needs to be explained better to give a better answer.
no but they may have broke a wire or disconnected a wire and not hooked it back up
When you connect the battery backwards you can cause major damage. You can blow the alternator or its fusible link. You can destroy electronics, particularly the various computers - and these are not cheap.
most likely the alternator needs attention cause it is not charging
No, it will not.