What caused collapse of feudalism in Europe?

Answer 1

Answering this question presents a bit of a problem, because different people mean different things when they speak of feudalism.

In its most narrowly defined sense, feudalism refers to a structure of government in which the central authority distributes power through successively larger ranks to a broad base at the lowest level, the feudal pyramid. This structure is typically used because of widespread problems that can arise on a local level and disappear after extensive damage is done; a good example of this sort of thing is Viking raids. The system is also useful where numbers of very different people, such as people who speak a number of different languages, have to be governed. This system was used in France during the High Middle Ages, the Holy Roman Empire, and England under the Norman dynasty. It was based on a weak central government, and it disappeared because the central government was able to exert a strong authority. In England this happened because the resistance to the Normans ended, and in France it happened because the central authority developed a standing army in the Hundred Years' War.

A broader definition of feudalism makes it more or less equal to manorialism.

The manorial system ended in Western Europe because of a combination of events.

In the early 14th century, there were a series of droughts that caused widespread starvation. In such a case, the lords of the manors were, at least in theory, required to see that their serfs did not starve, and this meant that the lords were put under stress by the manorial system itself.

In the middle of the 14th century, the Black Death killed off something like a third to a half of the people. This meant that the manors did not have enough people to tend the crops, and so lords of manors offered the serfs on other manors better deals to move to their own lands (illegal, but it happened). This caused widespread destruction of the manorial bonds tying the serfs to the land.

Serfs also wanted to be free or to advance themselves, and the economic conditions of the High Middle Ages tempted them to leave the manors and move to towns and cities. In many cases, the kings fostered such moves by declaring certain towns they wanted populated safe havens for runaway serfs.

Later, lords of the manors came to want to appropriate common land on the manor so more of their property could be for personal use, wanted to move the serfs to different parts of the land, wanted to reduce the numbers of serfs for whom they had responsibility, or had other reasons to want to end the manorial obligations they had. All these things tended to displace serfs.

Answer 2

It started with lenin crushing the last tsar in Russia and everyone ought to do it themself

Answer 3

they fell hard... serfs up!