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The synods of the Lutheran Church represent different regions of the country. Each synod may have different doctrines, as well.
Excluding nonmembers from communion is not a policy of the Lutheran church as a whole. Rather, it may be the policy of a specific church or of a particular denomination. Unlike Catholicism, the Lutheran church does not have one central body. Instead, it is composed of a number of different divisions. In the US, there are three primary groups: the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA) Lutheran Church-- Missouri Synod (LCMS or just Missouri Synod), and Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS or Wisconsin Synod). Each group has its own policy on communion. Missouri and Wisconsin Synods both practice closed communion; only members can take communion. The ELCA, however, practices open communion, where anyone can. Of course, individual churches may choose to follow a different procedure from that of the denomination to which they belong, so it is possible for an ELCA church to have closed communion.
A. V. Kartashev has written: 'Vselenskie sobory' -- subject(s): Church history, Councils and synods, Ecumenical, Ecumenical Councils and synods, History
Kenneth M. Weare has written: 'The diocesan pastoral council' -- subject(s): Catholic Church, Councils and synods, Diocesan, Diocesan Councils and synods, Diocesan pastoral councils, Government
Serafin Maria Armora has written: 'Sinodo de la diocesisde Tamaulipas' -- subject(s): Councils and synods, Diocesan, Diocesan Councils and synods, Tampico (Mexico) (Diocese). Synod, 4th, 1931
There is really only one type. There are, however, many different "synods," dioceses or jurisdictions. In many European countries, the Lutheran Church is the state church only divided by political-geographical boundary and language. For example, the Church of Norway has different bishops and dioceses than the Church of Sweden while both are Lutheran Churches with the same basic principles. In the U.S., there are three major synods, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. Each started as a separate immigrant Church only divided by language. The three Churches follow the same basic beliefs and practices while they remain separate due to minor theological and polity issues along conservative/liberal lines and of interpretation of the Bible and Lutheran Symbolical writings.
John Silvester Davies has written: 'Synods or law-courts'
S. Herbert Scott has written: 'General councils and Anglican claims in the light of the Council of Ephesus' -- subject(s): Christian union, Council of Ephesus (431), Councils and synods, Ecumenical, Ecumenical Councils and synods, Popes, Primacy
Norman P. Tanner has written: 'The Church in the later Middle Ages' 'Kent Heresy Proceedings 1511-1512' 'The church in late medieval Norwich, 1370-1532' -- subject(s): Catholic Church, Church history, History, Religious life and customs 'Was the church too democratic?' -- subject(s): Ecumenical Councils and synods, History 'Is the Church too Asian?' -- subject(s): Ecumenical Councils and synods, History 'The church in council' -- subject(s): History, Ecumenical Councils and synods, Church history
Francis Dvornik has written: 'Czech contributions to the growth of the United States' -- subject(s): Czech Americans 'Histoire des conciles' -- subject(s): Councils and synods 'The Slavs' -- subject(s): Slavs, History 'Photian and Byzantine ecclesiastical studies' -- subject(s): Church history, Orthodox Eastern Church 'Byzantium and the Roman Primacy' -- subject(s): Relations, Popes, Orthodox Eastern Church, Catholic Church, Primacy 'The Slavs between East and West' -- subject(s): Civilization, Slavic, History, Slavic Civilization, Slavs 'The ecumenical councils' -- subject(s): Councils and synods, Ecumenical, Ecumenical Councils and synods 'Gli slavi' -- subject(s): Slavs, History
I hate to split hairs here but there are 3 major sects of the Lutheran Church in the United States: the Evangelical Lutheran Church; the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod; and the Lutheran Church Wisconsin Synod. The latter 2 are by far much more conservative than the Evangelical Lutherans. The latter 2 are opposed to gay ordination and allowing gays to marry in the church. They are much more fundamentalist especially when it comes to the Bible. The Evangelical Lutherans share much in common with the United Methodists. The one area where they are more progressive is in the realm of gay marriage and all that. The UMC are much more split on this issue. The ELCA has already voted to allow their pastors who are gay to marry. They are also close to allowing gays to marrry in the church. The ELCA can be described as a pro-life rather than a pro-choice denomination. The United Methodists have always taken a pro-choice position on reproductive rights. The ELCA and the United Methodist Churches are also in full communion since 2008. Both can share the pulpit and celebrate Holy Communion in each other's churches. In the Missouri and Wisconsin Synods, that is still not possible. These two branches have more in common with the evangelical branch of Protestanism, like the Baptists.
Pat F. Rossi has written: 'The eighteenth synod of the Archdiocese of New York' -- subject(s): Catholic Church, Catholic Church. Archdiocese of New York. Synod 1988), Councils and synods, Diocesan, Diocesan Councils and synods