Severl things it could be if it's overheating raditor may be clog or crack or warp heads then it could be something simple like raditor cap or the thermostat even a simple oil change just have to find and test these things before you rule out what it is.
Low coolant
Cooling fan not working
Radiator plugged or air flow restricted
Defective thermostat
Collapsing radiator hoses
System "airbound"
Defective radiator cap Many things can cause engines to overheat, but it all boils down to two things: lack of coolant because of a leak or lack of proper flow. The most common cause of overheating is a bad thermostat. It could also be caused by a bad water pump not circulating the coolant. If it is leaking coolant there are many hoses and gaskets it could leak from.
The engine is overheating.
Air inside engine
generally if an engine overheats, but then does not overheat when heater is turned on, is a good indication that the engine thermostat is stuck and needs replacing
A bad water pump or thermostat can cause an engine to overheat. A plugged (clogged) radiator or heater core may also cause an engine to overheat.
The lack of air intake designed to flow into the motor.
The engine will overheat and the pistons will seize.
You may have the thermostat in backwards. The spring side of the thermostat faces into the engine.
i asked this question the tempture gage shows it is over heating but the engine is cold to touch
Look for a loose or worn belt.
Engine overheat, low oil pressure, or alternator voltage.
It's the current flowing in a wire that causes it to overheat.
There is a warning light which flashes when the engine begins to overheat.