Earthquakes
what causes a rock to break into many layers. DOES WATER
Along a fault, rock layers can become displaced, offset, or tilted. This is due to the movement of the Earth's crust along the fault line, resulting in different rock layers being shifted relative to each other.
The force that causes rock layers to crumple and fold is mainly tectonic forces, such as compression. When two tectonic plates collide or move toward each other, the rocks in between experience intense pressure, leading to deformation and folding of the rock layers.
Exfoliation is the mechanical weathering process that causes rock to flake off in layers. This occurs due to the expansion and contraction of rock surfaces, caused by temperature changes, which lead to the peeling away of outer layers of rock.
It is an earthquake.
Igneous rocks can disturb sedimentary rock layers and formations by their movement during ascent through such layer. when they make contact with this sedimentary rocks they could result to folding and/or metamorphism.
Unconformities. =)
Doposition
The process of folding causes rock layers to look different because it creates bends and curves in the layers. This can result in layers being tilted, pressed together, or stretched out, leading to different appearances. Faulting, on the other hand, occurs when rocks break and move along a fault line, causing displacement and misalignment of rock layers, which can also result in distinct visual differences between layers.
Exfoliation weathering causes the peeling of large curved sheets from a rock. This type of weathering occurs due to the expansion and contraction of rock layers in response to temperature changes, leading to the outer layers flaking off in curved sheets.
The forces that cause rock layers to move include tectonic plate movements, such as convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries. These forces can result in folding, faulting, and tilting of rock layers. Additionally, factors like erosion, gravity, and volcanic activity can also contribute to the movement of rock layers.
A sill is a horizontal sheet of igneous rock that is intruded between existing rock layers, while a laccolith is a dome-shaped intrusion that causes the overlying rock layers to arch upwards. Sills are flat and parallel to existing rock layers, while laccoliths are typically lens-shaped and create bulges in the rock layers above them.