Perforin
target cells
Receptors in the target cells allow hormonal action.
Target cells are equipped with specific receptor molecules and may occur in any part of the body. ACTH has target cells that are in the adrenal cortex.
Target Cells
Usually in blood plasma, which carries them to their target cells. They 'recognize' these cells based on receptors on the cell membranes to which they bind.
target cells
Helper T cells
abnormal chloride channels that trap salt inside cells lining the lung passageways.
The protein affected by cystic fibrosis is called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator or CFTR. CFTR acts as a channel that transports negatively charged chloride ions into and out of cells. This helps control the flow of water in tissues. CFTR also regulates the function of other channels that transport positive sodium ions into and out of cells.
The target cells for Erythropoietin are red blood cells
The faulty gene causes the misfolding of a protein called the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). CFTR is responsible for the movement of chloride and sodium ions into and out of cells. The lack of salt and water on the surface of the cells causes the mucus to become extremely thick and sticky which builds up in and clogs organs.
In muscle cells the inward current is a sodium + calcium flow through acetycholine activated channels as well as through voltage sensitive calcium channels.
For tissue that is found in the leaves, transmembrane protein is responsible for transporting carbohydrates from leaves to various parts of the plant . Sugars are taken up by the transmembrane protein with the help of companion cells.
Blocking sodium ion channels reduces the uptake of water from the lumen of the intenstine into the epithelial cells of the villus due to osmosis. Water, therefore, remains in the intestine and this causes watery faeces/diarrhoea
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter that passes from neuron to muscle cells and it causes the Na/K channels to open allowing Na+ to flow into the cell triggering an action potential.
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