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Change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA causing proteins to be built differently?
Mutation
What is the difference between nucleotide deletion and nucleotide insertion?
Here's a sample nucleotide sequence:AATUGCIf there was a nucleotide deletion (let's say the "G" gets deleted), the sequence would become:AATUCIf there was a nucleotide addition/insertion (let's say a "G" was added between "T' and "U"), the sequence would become:AATGUGCThe difference is that a deletion makes the DNA shorter and an insertion makes it longer.
Gene mutations can best be described as changes in the?
Gene mutations can best be described as changes in the DNA sequence of a gene. These changes can result in altered proteins being produced, impacting an individual's traits or causing genetic disorders. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors such as radiation or chemicals.
Why is it important for the nucleotide bases to stay in the same position?
It is important for nucleotide bases to stay in the same position because they provide the genetic information necessary for the functioning of an organism. The arrangement of the bases in the DNA molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which play crucial roles in cellular processes. Any change in the position of the nucleotide bases can lead to disruptions in these processes, potentially causing genetic disorders or functional abnormalities.
What are three effects of nucleotide substitution?
Nucleotide substitution can lead to several effects, including missense mutations, where a different amino acid is incorporated into a protein, potentially altering its function. It can also result in nonsense mutations, causing premature termination of protein synthesis, which often leads to nonfunctional proteins. Additionally, silent mutations may occur, where the substitution does not change the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code, often having little to no effect on the organism.
Causes a shift in the reading codons by one base?
A frameshift mutation is caused by the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence, leading to a change in the reading frame of codons. This can result in a completely different protein being produced from the altered sequence, affecting the functionality of the protein.
How do frameshift mutations impact the structure and function of proteins?
Frameshift mutations occur when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from a gene sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame during protein synthesis. This results in a completely different amino acid sequence being produced, leading to a non-functional or altered protein structure. As a result, frameshift mutations can significantly impact the structure and function of proteins, potentially causing genetic disorders or diseases.
What do you think would happen if a single nucleotide were added somewhere in the sequence?
If a single nucleotide were added to a DNA sequence, it could result in a frameshift mutation, altering the reading frame of the genetic code. This change may lead to a completely different sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein, potentially affecting its function. Depending on the location and nature of the mutation, the effects could range from benign to detrimental, potentially causing disorders or diseases. In some cases, it might also have no significant effect if it occurs in a non-coding region or does not alter the protein's function.
During the transcription of a certain protein an extra cytosine was placed into a gene region throwing off the correct amino acid sequence what type of mutation occurred?
This is an example of an insertion mutation, where an extra nucleotide (cytosine in this case) is added to the DNA sequence during transcription, causing a shift in the reading frame and resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein being produced.
A bacterium undergoes mutation caused by an antibiotic. Specifically the gene with the sequence AUGCCCACCCGA undergoes a frameshift mutation.?
A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame during translation. In the case of the gene sequence AUGCCCACCCGA, if, for example, one nucleotide is inserted or deleted, the resulting amino acid sequence could be drastically altered, potentially leading to a nonfunctional protein or a protein with altered function. This mutation can confer antibiotic resistance to the bacterium, allowing it to survive in the presence of the antibiotic.
How do frameshift mutations affect the structure and function of proteins?
Frameshift mutations occur when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from a gene sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame during protein synthesis. This can lead to a completely different amino acid sequence being produced, resulting in a non-functional or altered protein structure. As a result, frameshift mutations can disrupt the normal function of proteins and potentially lead to genetic disorders or diseases.
What are point mutations?
Point mutations are a knock out of a single A.A. pair that shifts the whole code causing cancer or miss development of all the proteins behind it. Point mutations can be seen in K-Ras gene and the innactivation of the P53 to not stop the genetic mutation to arrect the cell cycle. The p53 is a tumor repressing gene.
