There are no major cities along 45° S latitude. The closest cities are the fjord city of Puerto Aisén in Chile (45°24′S, 72°41′W) and the Argentine town of Sarmiento (45°36′S, 69°5′W).
Buenos-Aires
Honolulu
The Tropic of Capricorn is at about 23.5 degrees south latitude. Mexico City is well north of that.
Couradda, New South Wales
Nairobi, Kenya
Buenos-Aires
London is on 51 degrees North so that line of latitude would cross Canada.
They are equally close to the equator.
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Brazil
Brazil
Honolulu
The Tropic of Capricorn is at about 23.5 degrees south latitude. Mexico City is well north of that.
Couradda, New South Wales
The capital city of New Zealand, Wellington, is at latitude 41degrees 17 minutes South, and is therefore south of the 40 degrees south line of latitude.
Nairobi, Kenya
12 N 68 W is a point in the Caribbean Sea. The nearest city is Caracas, on the coast of Venezuela, South America.