There were two main form of Christianity in the Roman Empire. The Latin or Western Church was the main form in the western part of the empire and the Greek or Eastern Church was the main form in the eastern part. Later these two churches came to be called Catholic and Orthodox respectively. Therefore, what later came to be called Catholicism was the form of Christianity practiced in the western part of the Roman Empire.
The governing of the Western Roman Empire was broken up in dioceses, something like we in the United States would see as individual states. This system was carried over into the Church. As the Church was the only authority left in Rome when the Roman Empire fell, the Church took over the governance of what was left of the Roman Empire, and many of the characteristics of the old Roman Empire were carried forward into the Church.
Both acted as a source of division among Europeans
There were two main form of Christianity in the Roman Empire. The Latin or Western Church was the main form in the western part of the empire and the Greek or Eastern Church was the main form in the eastern part. Later these two churches came to be called Catholic and Orthodox respectively. Therefore, what later came to be called Catholicism was the form of Christianity practiced in the western part of the Roman Empire.
The Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East
Perhaps you are referring to the Western Catholic Church in the Roman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire.
The Roman Catholic church survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Orthodox Church survived the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
Simply, the Roman Empire divided into the Western Roman Empire (based in Rome) and the Easter Roman Empire (based in Constantinople). Once the western empire fell, the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches diverged and evolved in isolation. The full history is significantly more complex, but that is the answer in a nut-shell.
the roman catholic church
Roman institutions eventually collapsed. The institution which survived and grew stronger was the Latin Church, which later came to be called the Roman Catholic Church.
It was only the western part of the Roman Empire which fell under the weight of the invasions by the Germanic peoples. The eastern part of the Roman Empire was not affected by these invasions and continued to exist for nearly another 1,000 years. Historians have coined the term Byzantine Empire to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part. In the Late Empire, Christianity developed two main churches; the Latin or Western Church and the Greek or Eastern Church. Later the former came to be called Catholic Church and the latter Orthodox Church. In the west the Catholic Church was interested in preserving their versions of Christianity, rather than the traditions of the Roman Empire, which had became deat letter.
it separated the church of the Eastern empire from the church of the Western Hemisphere.
When the Roman Empire adopted Christianity, Latin became the language of the Church in the Western parts of the empire, and it remained the language of Catholic worship until 1965. The city of Rome remained the headquarters of the Church.
APEX: The Islamic Empire directly governed the people it controlled, but the Roman Catholic Church relied only on its influence with rulers.
When Christianity spread around the Roman Empire it developed two main churches; Eastern part Greek and Western or Latin. The former was the main church in the eastern part of the empire and the latter the main one in the western part. Later they came to be called Orthodox and Catholic respectively.