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Limestone is the most common one - dolomite is another
Dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used, and this fizzes due to the presence of calcium carbonate (CACO3) in limestone
Calcite, Limestone, Chalk, Marble. They are all geological forms of calcium carbonate.
The mineral fizzes as it releases bubbles of carbon dioxide.
Chemical.
It is most likely to contain the mineral calcite.
Calcite
Limestone is the most common one - dolomite is another
Dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used, and this fizzes due to the presence of calcium carbonate (CACO3) in limestone
Calcite, Limestone, Chalk, Marble. They are all geological forms of calcium carbonate.
The mineral fizzes as it releases bubbles of carbon dioxide.
Calcite reacts to acid. The best thing to do to determine if a mineral is calcite is to place a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid on a sample. If the mineral fizzes and carbon dioxide bubbles are produced, the mineral is calcite. Place a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid on the mineral. If it fizzes and carbon dioxide bubbles are produced, the mineral is calcite.
Chemical.
the mineral fizzes and gas bubbles come out of it
The sandstone grains will not be affected, but the cementing material between grains could react with dilute hydrochloric acid if it is composed of calcite. Chances are, though, that the cementing material is silicate in nature, and therefore will not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Quartz would scratch the calcite. Calcite would not scratch the quartz. Calcite will react with dilute hydrochloric acid. Quartz will not. Calcite will exhibit double refraction. Quartz will not. If the crystal forms are intact, quartz crystal may appear six sided with pyramidal terminations. If they are of equal size, the quartz will be heavier.
Basalt doesn't react with acid. Igneous rocks in general rarely react with acid.