It is most likely to contain the mineral calcite.
Calcite reacts to acid. The best thing to do to determine if a mineral is calcite is to place a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid on a sample. If the mineral fizzes and carbon dioxide bubbles are produced, the mineral is calcite. Place a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid on the mineral. If it fizzes and carbon dioxide bubbles are produced, the mineral is calcite.
Calcite bends light in a certain way: Double refraction (Double image)
By using HCL, if it fizzes then it is limestone.
Marble fizzes with acid because it is composed of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate - CaCO3) which reacts with acids to form the gas carbon dioxide and it is the release of the carbon dioxide gas (CO2) that causes the "fizzing" that is observed during the reaction. For example a reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid will yield calcium chloride (CaCl2), carbon dioxide and water (H2O) as per the following reaction: CaCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) = CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Calcite, which is the compound calcium carbonate (CaCO3) forms carbonic acid (H2CO3) which decomposes into water and carbon dioxide gas. Here is the two step reaction with hydrochloric acid: 2HCl + CaCO3 --> CaCl2 + H2CO3 H2CO3 --> CO2 + H2O
Dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used, and this fizzes due to the presence of calcium carbonate (CACO3) in limestone
Calcite
Limestone is the most common one - dolomite is another
The mineral fizzes as it releases bubbles of carbon dioxide.
Calcite, Limestone, Chalk, Marble. They are all geological forms of calcium carbonate.
Calcite reacts to acid. The best thing to do to determine if a mineral is calcite is to place a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid on a sample. If the mineral fizzes and carbon dioxide bubbles are produced, the mineral is calcite. Place a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid on the mineral. If it fizzes and carbon dioxide bubbles are produced, the mineral is calcite.
Basalt doesn't react with acid. Igneous rocks in general rarely react with acid.
Chemical.
the mineral fizzes and gas bubbles come out of it
The sandstone grains will not be affected, but the cementing material between grains could react with dilute hydrochloric acid if it is composed of calcite. Chances are, though, that the cementing material is silicate in nature, and therefore will not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Quartz would scratch the calcite. Calcite would not scratch the quartz. Calcite will react with dilute hydrochloric acid. Quartz will not. Calcite will exhibit double refraction. Quartz will not. If the crystal forms are intact, quartz crystal may appear six sided with pyramidal terminations. If they are of equal size, the quartz will be heavier.
It 'fizzes' because it contains carbon dioxide I think. But more fizz than what?