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  1. First he engineered a war with Denmark, called the Second Schleswig War. Schleswig is a region in Denmark, on the border with Germany; there's a lot of German people there. Long story short, Denmark tried to take full control of Schleswig, defying an older agreement that they wouldn't, and Prussia declared war; Prussia also convinced Austria to help. Austria and Prussia quickly defeated Denmark, and parts of southern Denmark were taken by the victors.
  2. Then Bismarck turned on his ally, Austria. Prussia came up with trumped up charges involving Austria's control of the new territory taken from Denmark, and declared war. Italy, which was also trying to unify (Austria controlled big chunks of northern Italy), also got on board. Other German states took sides, notably Bavaria, one of the larger German kingdoms, joined Austria's side. Prussia and their German allies quickly won. The treaty ending their war made Prussia the most powerful player in German politics and permanently removed Austria from Germany.
  3. France was the next target. France was one of the most powerful countries in Europe, and the major opponent to German unification. Again, Bismarck arranged for a fight (he altered a message to France's Emperor from the King of Prussia to make it insulting). The Prussians again allied with other German states, and again quickly defeated their foe. In the climactic battle, the Prussians even captured the French Emperor himself.

After defeating France, the King of Bavaria was convinced (some would say "tricked") to write a letter to the King of Prussia that said that the Prussian King should become the Emperor of a newly united Germany. The King of Prussia accepted this and was crowned at Versailles palace in France; Germany was officially unified. Meanwhile, with their Emperor captured, the French government collapsed and became a republic again (which, except for being ruled by Nazi Germany briefly, it has been ever since).

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Q: What countries did Bismarck defeat to unify Germany?
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