What country once controlled Arizona?

Answer 1

The area that is now Arizona was part of New Spain until Mexico declared its independence from Spain on September 27, 1821. It remained part of Mexico until February 2, 1848, when a HUGE part of Mexico, including the northern three quarters of present-day Arizona, was ceded to the United States for US$15,000,000 as part of the Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican-American War, relocating Mexico's northern border from the Oregon Territory all the way south to the Gila River. The southern quarter of present-day Arizona is most of the Gadsden Purchase, an area of land purchased from Mexico for US$10,000,000 on December 30, 1853 for the purpose of completing a southern transcontinental railway route on level terrain (the treaty finalizing the purchase was signed by U.S. Ambassador to Mexico James Gadsden).

The southern half of the area that is now Arizona and New Mexico was claimed by the Confederate States of America from February 14, 1862 until the Confederacy surrendered in April of 1865.