Spinal Accessory nerve AKA CN IX.
The twelve cranial nerves can be can one of the following types:* Sensory = carry sensory innervation/information to and from certain organs * Motor = carry motor (movement) innervation to certain organs * Mixed/Both = carries both sensory and motor innervation
Cranial nerve #2 - optic nerve - special sensory for vision Cranial nerve #3 - occulomotor nerve - motor for extraoccular muscles & parasympathetic to ciliary ganglion Cranial nerve #4 - trochlear nerve - motor for extraoccular muscle (superior oblique) Cranial nerve #6 - abduscens nerve - motor for extraoccular muscle (lateral rectus)
The brain stem is relatively short, around 7-centimeters long. The brainstem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves.
The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are controlled by the accessory cranial nerve. Some call it cranial nerve XI.
The cranial nerves that are attached to the medulla oblongata are the glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves. The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth cranial nerve that causes the tongue, throat, and parotid gland to function properly. The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve which helps with motor production, mainly regarding the process of voice production. The accessory nerve is the eleventh cranial muscle whose only function is motor function, mainly regarding the trapezius and sternocledomastoid muscles. Lastly, the hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve which helps in the proper functioning of the muscles under the tongue.
The spinal accessory nerve, or cranial nerve XI (eleven), is a purely motor nerve which innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are used to turn the head. The Accessory nerve also provides somatic motor fibers to muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx (spinal and medullary fibers respectively.)
Eye movement is controlled by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI (Oculomotor, Trohlear, and Abducens, respectively). CN III innervates most of the muscles of the eye and is responsible for most eye movements.
The Optical nerver or the Second Cranial nerve controls and relays information absorbed through the rods and cones of the eye. Eye movements (eye muscles), however, are controlled by several other cranial nerves including the Oculomotor, Abducens, and Trochlear nerves.
The optic nerve is a cranial nerve (CN II) that sends special somatic afferent (sensory) fibers to the lateral geniculate of the thalamus. Here, they synapse and continue via optic radiations to the primary visual cortex of the brain. The motor portion of the eye is controlled by cranial nerves as well only they are: Oculomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV), and Abducens (CN VI); there is also some sympathetic innervation (not from cranial nerves) that cause pupillary dialation.
The brainstem provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. The brainstem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function.
Cranial nerves that have a motor function tend to be bilaterally innervated. In other words, the right accessory nerve (XI) receives input from both the right and the left motor cortex. The same goes for the left accessory nerve.This is a handy advantage in strokes, since upper motor neurone lesions must therefore be bilateral in order to cause a deficit.The one major exception to this rule is the facial nerve (VII). Only the forehead muscles are bilaterally innervated, so even a unilateral upper motor neurone lesion can cause mouth drooping, etc. However, this can still often be differentiated from a lower motor neurone lesion, which will not spare the forehead.
The Tibial nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to the posterior compartment of the leg and sole of the feet. Injury to the nerve could produce loss in flexion of the toes and feet.