For higher current applications you would need a power transformer, for lower current applications you would need an adapter transformer.
No adapter is needed, 110 and 115 volt are interchangeable.
No conversion needed. These are nominal voltages which range from 110 to 120 volts. It will operate fine on the outlet.
Yes
It depends entirely on the device. Give it a try.
No. You will need a transformer to step up the voltage and you will possibly need to convert the plug.
Yes, a 110 volt device can be plugged into a 125 volt receptacle. The voltage rating on the receptacle is only there as the highest voltage supply that the manufacturer recommends their equipment be connected to.
You have to buy a transformer or converter from 220v to 110v.
No, a 240 volt device runs on 240, and a 120 volt device runs on 120. Attempting to run a device on incompatible voltage results in damage.
Hot, neutral and ground.
Yes, the rating on the receptacle is the maximum amount of voltage that is legally allowed to be applied to the device.
you don't. you just take and use 120 volts from the 220. At least that's what I'd do.
Only use 110-120 volt appliances on a 110 volt socket.