What did Giuseppe Mazzini want Italy to be united under?

How did feelings of the nationalism affect the actions of Italian leaders such as giuseppe mazzini and Camillo di Cavour?

Since they felt so strongly of nationalist beliefs they tried there best to unite Italy. Mazzini wrote pamphlets encourage Italians to unite. Cavour became prime minister of Sardinia which would help Italians unite under one banner.

Italian nationalism was inspired in the 1830s and 1840s by the writings of?

Italian nationalism in the 1830s and 1840s was largely inspired by the writings of Giuseppe Mazzini. His works emphasized the idea of a unified Italy under a republic government, which struck a chord with many Italians seeking independence from foreign rule. Mazzini's writings played a significant role in mobilizing and uniting the Italian nationalist movement.

Why did Cavour want Italy united?

The movement to unite Italy into one cultural and political entity was known as the Risorgimento (literally, "resurgence"). Giuseppe Mazzini and his leading pupil, Giuseppe Garibaldi, failed in their attempt to create an Italy united by democracy. Garibaldi, supported by his legion of Red Shirts-- mostly young Italian democrats who used the 1848 revolutions as a opportunity for democratic uprising--failed in the face of the resurgence of conservative power in Europe. However, it was the aristocratic politician named Camillo di Cavour who finally, using the tools of realpolitik, united Italy under the crown of Sardinia. Cavour was known as a politician who favoured a liberal cause. He learnt from the failure of the 1848 revolutions. He realized that internal strength and external aid were necessary for the success of Italian unification.

Who united southern Italy?

In 1713, after the War of the Spanish Succession, Milan, Naples, and Sardinia were handed over to the Hapsburgs of Austria, which lost some of its Italian territories in 1735. After 1800, Italy was unified by Napoléon, who crowned himself king of Italy in 1805; but with the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Austria once again became the dominant power in a disunited Italy. Austrian armies crushed Italian uprisings in 1820-1821 and 1831. In the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini, a brilliant liberal nationalist, organized the Risorgimento (Resurrection), which laid the foundation for Italian unity. Disappointed Italian patriots looked to the House of Savoy for leadership. Count Camille di Cavour (1810-1861), prime minister of Sardinia in 1852 and the architect of a united Italy, joined England and France in the Crimean War (1853-1856), and in 1859 helped France in a war against Austria, thereby obtaining Lombardy. By plebiscite in 1860, Modena, Parma, Tuscany, and the Romagna voted to join Sardinia. In 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi conquered Sicily and Naples and turned them over to Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel II, king of Sardinia, was proclaimed king of Italy in 1861. The annexation of Venetia in 1866 and of papal Rome in 1870 marked the complete unification of peninsular Italy into one nation under a constitutional monarchy.

Who was Garibaldi?

Giuseppe Garibaldi 1807-1882 was an Italian patriot who conquered Sicily and Naples in the struggle for the unification of a divided Italy under Italian rule.

What were the three basic approaches to Italian unification Which one prevailed?

a) Giuseppe Mazzini's centralized democratic republic. b) Vincenzo Gioberti's federation of existing states headed by the Pope. c) Italian nation built around aristocratic kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. The one that prevailed was c. which was under garibaldi.

How did giuseppe garibaldi help unify Italy?

He brought the austrian province and Venice to become part of Italy. Also made Rome go under Italian control

Who is the founder of Italy?

Guiseppe Mazzini was the founder of young Itlay. He was born June 22,1805. He passed away in 1872, he was only 67. Italian nationalist and patriot, who, together with Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Benso di Cavour, and Victor Emmanuel II, is considered one of the "patron saints" of the Italian Risorgimento. While still in his teen years Mazzini committed himself to the cause of Italian independence and unity. Forced into exile in 1831 for his revolutionary activities, he began to recruit followers and organize uprisings against the rulers of the various Italian states. His association, Giovine Italia (Young Italy), founded in the 1830s, attracted adherents throughout the peninsula and among Italian political exiles everywhere. With the exception of Giuseppe Garibaldi, no other Italian Risorgimento leader enjoyed greater international renown than Mazzini in his time. His revolutionary vision extended beyond the limited objective of Italian national unity. Mazzini's primary goals were the end of Austrian hegemony in Italy and of the temporal power of the pope, Italian unity, republicanism, democracy, and the liberation of all oppressed peoples. Imbued with a messianic zeal, he believed that, united under the banner of "God and people", Italians would succeed in ridding themselves of their various rulers and establish a democratic unitary republic with its capital in Rome. This new Italy would lead other subject peoples to freedom and liberty and embody a "third" Rome, successor to ancient and papal Rome. A new Europe, controlled by the people and not by sovereigns, would replace the old order. By the 1840s Mazzini had become the recognized leader of the Italian nationalist revolutionary movement. His appeal to Italians, restive under oppressive governments, was unrivaled, if not unchallenged. Intellectuals and artisans, men and women, all responded to him. Many lost their lives in abortive revolts inspired by his teachings. In 1848 Mazzini's dreams seemed to be realized, when news of the successful revolutions throughout Europe reached him in his English exile. As the revolutions progressed like brush-fires up the Italian peninsula, Mazzini arrived in Milan. He was greeted enthusiastically by the people, less so by their leaders. Divided among themselves on whether to accept the invitation of Piedmont-Sardinia to become part of a greater kingdom under its king Charles Albert in return for the latter's military help against Austria, they resented Mazzini's presence and his advice to set political differences aside for the moment and to cooperate with Charles Albert in the name of national unity. On April 30, 1848, Carlo Cattaneo, Giuseppe Ferrari, and other republican leaders of the Milanese revolt proposed to overturn their pro-Piedmontese provisional government and request French assistance against Austria. Mazzini opposed them, urging support for the efforts of the Italian monarch and army, rather than appealing to foreign troops. This drew angry criticisms from the republican leaders who accused Mazzini of betraying his republican principles. The quarrel proved futile. Marshall Radetzky was already regrouping his forces against the Piedmontese army which he would eventually defeat at Custozza on July 25, 1848, to reestablish Austrian control over Lombardy. Meanwhile events in Rome were becoming radicalized. After the assassination of the papal minister Pellegrino Rossi and the departure of Pope Pius IX from the city on November 24, 1848, the Romans proclaimed a republic in January 1849 and invited Mazzini to join them. Mazzini's arrival marked the beginning of the most dramatic period in his life. Elected to the Triumvirate, the republic's executive body, he finally had the opportunity to participate actively in laying the foundations for what he hoped would be a new democratic united republican Italy. His slogan "thought and action" became reality. Since 1834, he had planned revolutions from afar, while others had risked their lives. Now, as Triumvir of the Roman Republic he became an active participant in what was to remain his supreme revolutionary experience. Like the other insurgent regimes throughout the peninsula, the Roman republic had a brief, intense life. In response to an appeal by Pope Pius IX, French soldiers appeared at the outskirts of Rome on April 30, 1849, and there began the city's futile, brave defense. The various reforms planned by Mazzini could never be effected as survival became the dominant concern. Finally, the city could no longer hold out against the French, and Rome opened its gates to the troops of the Second Republic on July 3, 1849. On July 1, two days before the entry of the French troops, the Constitution of the Roman Republic, was passed by the popularly elected Assembly, and it was solemnly proclaimed in the Campidoglio (City Hall) two days later while the French occupied the city. A disconsolate Mazzini, unmolested by the French garrison, lingered in Rome until the middle of July, when he left Italy once more for exile. He continued to conspire, but the revolutionary élan that had inspired Italian nationalists to follow Mazzini before 1848 faded in the 1850s. The revolutions of 1848-1849 ended the revolutionary phase of the Risorgimento and marked the beginning of a realignment of political forces in Italy and elsewhere in Europe. While Mazzini continued to be held in high esteem, respect, and even affection, Italian nationalists began to turn to the monarchical leadership offered by Camillo Benso di Cavour and his king Victor Emmanuel in Piedmont-Sardinia. In 1861 the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed at Turin, capital of Piedmont-Sardinia, by a Parliament in which sat elected representatives from all of Italy except Venetia and Rome. A disillusioned Mazzini never accepted monarchical united Italy and continued to agitate for a democratic republican. i hope this answered your question :) typed by sabsterz620.

Who was know as the father of unification of Italy?

Giuseppe Garibaldi unified Italy in 1861. He was an anti-Catholic (anti-papist) Freemason and is considered an Italian war hero. The eventual unification of Italy took more than a decade. Garibaldi made several attempts to seize Rome in the mid-1860s, and was captured three times and sent back to his farm. In the Franco-Prussian War, Garibaldi, out of sympathy for the newly formed French Republic, briefly fought against the Prussians. As a result of the Franco-Prussian War, the Italian government took control of Rome, and Italy was essentially united. Garibaldi was eventually voted a pension by the Italian government, and he was considered a national hero until his death on June 2, 1882. http://history1800s.about.com/od/giuseppegaribaldi/p/garibaldibio.htm

What was not an Eastern European nation under Communist control?

Italy, Spain, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom were all major nations who were not Eastern European countries and not under communist control.

What major role did Giuseppe Garibaldi play?

Giuseppe Garibaldi was a follower of an earlier leader Giuseppe Mazzini, who believed in a republican Italy built by the people. Garibaldi was also committed to achieving national unification through a popular movement. He stood for unification from below. The most important thing that Garibaldi did was creating "The Thousand" out of his volunteer fighters, determined to bring down the unpopular Bourbon King of the Two Sicilies, Francis II. Garibaldi's troops took Sicily and insisted that it keep its autonomy. After this first insurrection, his troops continued on to mainland Italy. By later 1860, Garibaldi's forces, along with local support, had taken Naples and toppled the kingdom of Francis II. However, after all of these successes, Garibaldi was stopped from conquering Rome, where French troops guarded the pope. A shred Sardinian nobleman Count Camillo Benso di Cavour stood for unification guided from above by the government. When he saw that French and Austrian intervention could occur when Garibaldi's forces placed a hazard to the pope, he ordered Garibaldi to cede his military authority to the king Victor Emmanuel. He did not want French and Austrian intervention because it would be an immediate threat to Italy. When Victor Emmanuel had military authority, most of Italy was united under a single rule. Thus Garibaldi was significant in that he contributed greatly to the unification and nationhood of Italy.

What did Giuseppe Mazzini want Italy to be united under?

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How did feelings of nationalism affect the actions of Italian leaders such as Giuseppe Mazzini and Camillo di Cavour?