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Pope Gregory XIII is probably best known for his reformation of the calendar, with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius, who is credited as the calendar's chief architect. The reason for the reform was that the average length of the year in the Julian calendar was too long - it treated each year as 365 days, 6 hours in length, whereas calculations showed that the actual mean length of a year is slightly less (365 days, 5 hours and 49 minutes).

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