They declared war on the fledgling Jewish State.
The Arab Nations surrounding Israel declared war on it the day after it declared independence, but the Jewish and Arab Militias in the territory had already been fighting since November of 1947, so nothing really changed for them; the war just got much bigger and became official.
In order of longest to shortest border as the countries currently exist de facto: Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon.
Israel
No. Palestine (What the area was called before Israel declared independence) was under Ottoman (Turkish) rule from 1516 to 1918, at which point the British Empire declared a mandate in Israel, which lasted until Israel declared independence in May 14th, 1948. A Mandate is a declaration of intent, meaning the mandating country will control the zone and support the people who inhabit it until they are ready to declare independence.
Israel and Lebanon
Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. Saudi Arabia also provided financial support.
Armies from six Arab Countries invaded Israel.
First of all, Israel did not exist in 1945; the country declared independence in 1948. in 1945, the area was still part of the British Mandate for Palestine. The Mandate for Palestine was bordered by Lebanon (which declared independence in 1943), Syria (which gained independence in 1944), the Emirate of Transjordan (which would become independent as the Kingdom of Jordan in 1946), and the Kingdom of Egypt (which has since become the Arab Republic of Egypt).
Israel (State of Israel) declared its independence in 1948.
Israel, Turkey, and Lebanon are considered middle east countries.
Israel and Syria border Lebanon.
After Israel declared its independence in May 1948, it was attacked by Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq, plus contingents from Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Sudan, Morocco, and the local Palestinians.
Israel is bordered by four countries. These countries are Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Egypt.
Israel declared independence and had war declared on it.
Syria and Israel http://bbsnews.net/bbsn_photos/topics/Maps-and-Charts/israel_lebanon_map.jpg
No countries share a border with Israel except Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt.
Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and Syria