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Septimius Severus became Roman emperor after the Year of the Five Emperors (193) where five men fought for the title of emperor following the assassination of the emperor Commodus.

The Praetorian Guard (imperial guard) installed Pertinax as emperor expecting a generous donation from him. When he did not pay them, they deposed him. Didius Julianus purchased the imperial title from the Pretorian Guard. The generals Pescennius Niger , Septimius Severus , and Clodius Albinus refused to recognise him. Angry crowns in Rome called for Niger to come to Rome and claim the imperial title for himself. His troops in Syria proclaimed him emperor. However, Septimius Severus, whose troops were closer to Rome, advanced on Italy and deposed Julianus. The senate passed a motion proclaiming Severus emperor.

Niger secured support in the east of the empire, but Severus, after having secured the support of Clodius, marched eastwards, defeated Niger in 194 and besieged Byzantium, which was loyal to Niger. After Byzantium fell in 196, Severus declared his son Caracalla as his successor. Clodius Albinus, saw his position in danger and challenged Severus. He had his troops proclaim him emperor, crossed the channel and stationed his troops in Gaul. Septimius defeated Clodius at the Battle of Lugdunum (Lyons) in 197 and gained control over the empire.

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Q: What did the severan ruler septimus severus declare?
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