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Food is definitely one structure which diffuses from the mother's blood to the embryo. I need to find out another one to answer my question?
The embryo is obtains nutrients by drawing them from the mother's blood. Thus, whatever the mother takes in that alters chemical composition of her blood can potentially affect the embryo.
It never occurs, direct blood and nerve connections between the mother and the embryo never occur.
The mother's blood and the embryo's blood do not mix freely. The placenta allows for the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients, but does not allow the actual blood to mix.
blood
Diffuse from the mother's blood into the embryo's blood within the placenta
Because of the difference of the blood type between the mother and child.
Carbon dioxide travels through both their bloods. All the cells of the baby and of the mother respire and produce carbon dioxide, which diffuses into the blood and circulates with it. In the mother, it eventually reaches her lungs where it diffuses into the alveoli and is breathed out. The baby has no functioning lungs, so when carbon dioxide rich blood travels through the umbilicus to the placenta, the carbon dioxide diffuses across to the mother's blood vessels, whence it proceeds to her lungs as before.
The blood vessels of an embryo are connected to both the heart (internally) and the umbilical cord (externally). The heart beats and helps circulate the blood to some degree but mostly it is the heart of the mother that helps circulate the blood to and from the embryo.
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Water diffuses from the kidney back into the blood stream.
The aorta, arteries, and the veins.