Extremely cold temperatures, mostly.
Yes, they were Antarctic explorers.
Antarctic explorers were outfitted in layers that included cotton, wool, canvas and animal fur. Their boots were lined with a type of straw, to separate their feed from the ice.
boats and dog sleds
they traveled on sledges with dogs pulling them
resourceful, confidence, courage, bravery, determination
People interested in exploring the Antarctic continent approached it by ship, then once on the ice, walked in order to explore.
All polar explorers between about 1899 and 1922 -- the Heroic age of Antarctic Exploration -- traveled to Antarctica by sailing ship.
All Heroic Age Antarctic explorers, including Sir Douglas Mawson, sailed to Antarctica on hull-reinforced ships.
Generally, tour operators seek out knowledgeable scientists, explorers, writers and other Antarctic-knowledge-competent people to hold presentations and dialogs with tourists aboard these ships.
he faced metal hardships
All working dogs removed from the Antarctic continent are taken back to their country of origin by the explorers who transported them there.
they faced the sea wellmore like face planted the water.