Work. Jews do not cook or clean or drive so have to do all preparations beforehand.
Jewish answer:
There are two main aspects to Shabbat observance: what we do and what we don't do.
What we don't do: we're not permitted to work on the Shabbat (Exodus ch.20). THe reason is because the Torah forbids it (ibid), in remembrance of the Exodus and as a testimony that God created the world. This includes 39 categories of productive interaction with the world, such as planting, writing, kindling fire, etc. (Talmud, Shabbat 73b).
What we do: candles are lit, customarily by the lady of the household, around 20 minutes before sunset on Friday afternoon. We then attend synagogue for the Friday afternoon prayer (mincha), the kabbalat Shabbat (ushering in of the Shabbat), and the Shabbat evening prayer (maariv).
On Shabbat morning, we again attend synagogue. The services are longer than on weekdays and include prayers as well as reading the weekly Torah-portion. There's often a kiddush (refreshments) afterwards, and congregants have a chance to schmooze (to talk). Towards the late afternoon, there's another (short) service (Shabbat mincha).
After Friday night services and on Shabbat morning after services, we come home, often with guests, make kiddush (blessing over wine), and have a leisurely multi-course Shabbat meal including singing and words of Torah. Customarily, that week's Torah-reading (parsha) will be a topic of conversation; and the children of the family will have a chance to speak of what they've learned in school.
After that, Shabbat is a quiet time: no phones, radio or TV (etc.), just schmoozing, taking walks, visiting friends, reading, learning Torah, playing Board Games, etc. Husband and wife, in particular, finally have a chance to be together after a hectic week.
The same way Jews in all other countries do.
yes for ordodox and ultra-orthodox jews reform jews might adapt the rules of shabbat
No, that violates the Shabbat.
Fewer Jews are observing the Shabbat laws.
The Shabbat is observed by all Jews, both men and women. However, it is the women who traditionally light the Shabbat-candles.See also:Women and the lighting of the candles
they rest for the day
Shabbat
Shabbat Shalom is a greeting that Jews say to each other on Shabbat (the sabbath). It means "A peaceful Shabbat"
No, Orthodox Jews do not use phones during Shabbat except for major emergencies such as someone's life being at risk.
Orthodox Jews live in Australia, so they observe Shabbat, too.
Because for 3300 years the Jews have kept the Torah-tradition of Shabbat-observance.
All Jews; at least those who maintain their tradition.