Wow, what a loaded question!
I recommend reading The Orthodox Church by Timothy (Kallistos) Ware for an introduction to Orthodoxy.
The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America page has some good exlanations of doctrine and belief: goarch.org
In short, they are Christians and the word Orthodox means right teaching. They have not deviated away from the teaching of the bible and the early church fathers who are held in high regard. They are therefore seen by many in the west as conservative. They do not get easily swayed by shifts in the culture around them. They are led and overseen by bishops who defer to each other in a collegiate fashion, that is no one of them is held to be infallible. They believe that God is the Trinity. That is the Father, Son and Holy Spirit all being one in love. They believe that God himself is expressed in the life of the faithful lived through the church.
They believe in the Christian God. They believe He Is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
Christians continue to believe in thousands of different saints. There are currently over 10,000 named saints that Roman and Orthodox Christians believe in.
They believe in the Christian God. They believe He Is the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
They are called Eastern Orthodox Christians or just Orthodox Christians.
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I believe that you are referring to icons, as used in the Orthodox church.
There are thought to be about 300 million Orthodox Christians in the world.
It depends. If you are talking about the Eastern Orthodox Church, then yes, it is capitalized. But if you are using the adjective to describe something as being proper, then no, it is not capitalized. For example: The Orthodox Christians believe that their worship is the orthodox way of faith.
A ‘Greek Orthodox’ Christian is a Christian who comes under the Orthodox Church of Greece. In the rest of the world, he or she would be known as an Orthodox Christian. The name "greek orthodox" should not be used to describe Orthodox Christians in other countries outside of Greece. There is no nationality in the Orthodox Church. It is open to people of all backgrounds, races and cultures. Orthodox Christians in Japan are Japanese Orthodox, Orthodox Christians in Russia are Russian Orthodox, Orthodox Christians in America are American Orthodox, etc.
they are orthodox christians.
orthodox christians in the fullest true sense, the house is called the house of prayer Orthodox Christians worship in the house of God, which is called the church of the living God (1 Timothy 3:15).
There is no such thing. Orthodox Christians have never had a Caliph.
Eastern Orthodoxy is a Christian denomination (the second largest, with Catholicism first). So Orthodox Christians believe in the Holy Trinity and that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.