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It's impossible to say with any certainty with regard to the Old Testament. It is believed that the the first five books Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy as the 'Law of Moses' were probably written first because these Laws are referred to in other books, especially the Prophets.

As for the New Testament, scholars believe that Paul's first letter to the Thessalonians is probably the earliest book, written in the 50s AD and his last letter, the second letter to Timothy, was written just before his execution.

As for the gospels, it is almost certain that Mark's gospel was written first, around 60AD or so (or some say even earlier) as it was already in circulation by the time of Luke's and Matthew's gospels as each of these used a great deal of Mark's material in writing their own accounts.

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Q: What do scholars believe the first book of the bible was?
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