Most Jews can be distinguished by the "kippot" they wear: circular pieces of clothe that they wear on the top of their head.
Usually pajamas. There is no rule in Judaism about what clothes to wear to bed.
judaism and islam
There hasn't been a religious leader of all Judaism in roughly 1600 years.
Judaism
Christianity comes from Judaism, and it's the Catholic Priests who wear them.
Orthodox Judaism doesn't allow it.
No. Of course not.
Judaism has thousands of rituals. If you are asking for an example of 1 ritual, it is customary for men to wear head coverings when praying (and very traditional Jews wear them all the time).
There is no prohibition against wearing jewelry in Judaism.
In Orthodox Judaism, only adult married men wear a proper tallit. In more Liberal Forms of Judaism, men over the age of 13 (the Jewish age of maturity) wear a tallit. Mature women are also permitted to wear a tallit, but if they take on the obligation, they are required to wear it consistently.
There is no such thing as a 'scripture scarf' in Judaism.
In traditional Judaism only men wear a Yarmulke (or Kippah) because only men are obligated to fulfill the timebound commandments of prayer. In Conservative and Reform Judaism, either men or women may wear a Kippah, though it is still much more common for men to wear them.