Answer 1
There is no Israel its Palestine.
Answer 2
It depends on the Muslim. Most Arab-Israelis are Muslim and call the State of Israel as "Israel", even if they object to the policies of that state (like Hanin Zoabi). Additionally, most Muslim intellectuals in Western countries or liberal leanings call the area Israel. Most Muslims outside of Israel call the land "Palestine" and call the government "the Zionist Entity" or the "Jewish State".
I suppose you call them either a Jew or a Muslim since Judaism and Islam are separate religions and you cannot be both. There is also no specific term for a Jew who converted to Islam or a Muslim who converted to Judaism in either religion. (Apostate is general term for abandoning your faith.)
The Jewish people call it as a shofar.
It depends on what language they speak. There is no difference in what Jewish people call their parents and what non-Jewish people call their parents.
mohummed was the messenger of god which Muslim people call Allah. mohummed was the messenger of god which Muslim people call Allah.
The Jewish people used to be called Israel, until the political state was established. You can call them the chosen people, or simply 'Jews', in the same way that you would call Mormons 'Mormons'.
Jewish people call Thanksgiving Thanksgiving. it's not a religious hoilday it's an American holiday.
Jewish people call it the exile from their homeland or in Hebrew Galut (גלות).
The Jewish people call the hours between sundown and sunrise "nighttime" or "night." In Hebrew, it is referred to as "laylah."
They all pray to the same God and call for good morals and good deeds.
People who believe in Judaism are called Jews.
Sunni is a form of Islamic religion usually we call them Sunni Muslims, because they are Muslim's.
There is a Muslim man who is chosen to call the people to pray five times a day. This man is called the muezzin.