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The hammer that a judge uses in court is called a gavel.
Yes, it is customary and respectful to address a judge as "Your Honor" in court.
Yes, it is customary to address a judge as "Your Honor" in court as a sign of respect and formality.
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The Supreme Court of the United States
In a letter a judge is addressed as "The Honorable (followed by name)" In court a judge is address as "Your Honor" or as "Judge."
Yes, it is customary and respectful to address the judge as "Your Honor" during court proceedings.
Yes we have. In Portugal we call Supremo Tribunal de Justiça - Supreme Court of Justice
dear you're honor
Supreme Court Justices, Associate Justices of the Supreme Court -- although, the head of the courts are called:The US Supreme Court - Chief Justice of the United States (since 1866 when it was changed from Chief Justice of the Supreme Court).The various state Supreme Courts - Chief Justice of the State of (state name).But, not all states call their highest court the "Supreme Court." Some use "Court of Appeals," "Superior Court," "Supreme Judicial Court," and Texas and Oklahoma divide criminal and civil supreme courts by calling them (respectively) The Court of Criminal Appeals and The Supreme Court. Nomenclature will follow the trends in the individual states.
Supreme Court
In the Supreme Court of the United States, they're referred to as justices. The US Supreme Court has one Chief Justice, who is addressed by his full title (e.g., Chief Justice Roberts) and eight Associate Justices, who are addressed simply as "Justice" (e.g., Justice Stevens).Some state supreme courts use the title Justice, while others refer to the members as Judge.For more information, see Related Questions, below.