This could apply in two different ways, both somewhat related. The assumption is the question refers to Old Testament history of the divided kingdom.
Firstly, Israel and Judah fell into the gross sin of idolatry and worshiped heathen idols, which they had specifically been commanded not to do. They fell spiritually, with then the resultant moral decay that accompanied such worship.
Secondly, and as a direct consequence, they suffered by falling militarily and were overthrown by foreign powers. Israel 'fell' in this way to the Assyrians. Judah 'fell' to Babylon. Both nations were taken captive, although a few 'stragglers' were left behind.
The split between Israel and Judah occurred around 930 BCE after the death of King Solomon, following a succession crisis. Israel fell to the Assyrians in 722 BCE and Judah later to the Babylonians in 586 BCE.
yes, Israel is in the North and Judah is in the South.
Judah fell to the Babylonian Empire.1 Chronicles 9:1 - So all Israel was recorded by genealogies, and indeed, they were inscribed in the book of the kings of Israel. But Judah was carried away captive to Babylon because of their unfaithfulness. [NKJV] (Also see 2 Kings 25.)
Judah.
No. It was Judah's father Jacob whose name was changed to Israel.
In Israel.
Nowadays, Israel is not divided into two kingdoms, but thousands of years ago, Israel was split into two kingdoms called "Yehuda" and "Israel". Both kingdoms were Jewish and both had their own ledership, but only one kingdom, "Yehuda", was oficially ruling the land of Israel and Jerusalem
Judah was a kingdom that existed during the Iron Age. It was located in Asia in what is now Israel.
Israel had a border with Assyria. Judah had Israel as a buffer state to protect them from Assyria.
After Solomon's death, Israel split into the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Israel now had ten tribes and Judah had two.
Judah and Israel
Judah