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Externalities is the positive (or negative) effect to the society due to consumption (production) of a good by an individual.

The answer assumes that the externality in which Nigeria is facing is a negative externality. Ways to correct negative externalities are:

  • Taxation: By increasing tax, we discourage production of such good, reducing negative externalities
  • Negative advertising: similarily, this method aims to reduce demand for the said good
  • Tradable permit: The best example for this is the "Cap 'n' Trade" scheme used by the United States government. This aims to reduce the amount of negative externalities year by year.
  • Banning of that good: One can ban the production of that good and make it illegal (drug.) However, this is likely to create a parallel market (black market)
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Q: What do you understand by the term externalities and how can it be corrected in Nigeria economy?
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