it will not run
Your electrician is correct on this. However, the pump is designed for 230V and will use less electricity, thus saving money if wired for 230V. Yeah, if you have to rewire for 230 V then it would be more expensive until your savings had consumed or offset the expense.
The voltage rating of a fuse (in this case 125V or 230V) defines the maximum circuit voltage that the fuse is safe to be used on. A fuse with a voltage rating of 125V should not be used in a circuit with a voltage greater than 125V. If a 125V fuse were installed in a 230V circuit and an overload current occurred, the fuse could explode.
maybe 10 amperes
The higher voltage it transformed to a lower voltage by the use of a step down transformer.
it will not run
No bell wire is not meant to be 230V.
if you drove the 18V winding with 230V the transformer would burn out, if it didn't catch fire first
connect the Red Yellow blue phases
He dies.
I depends on what you are connecting to it but you only need 1 of the phases providing you can get to a neutral
Iran uses 230V
230V
Assuming that this question is about adapters for traveling to another country (not USA) then 230V is the equivalent of 220V. Just purchase a suitable adapter.
Yes.
230V/50Hz
It is not advisable because the motor would run 20% faster which might produce damaging overpressure in the thermal circuit.