It causes a proportional increase in current.
an increase in current, hence increased power and increased heat.
The only way current can increase while resistance in a circuit increases is if voltage, which is the force that causes electric current, increases.
Increase current by either increasing the voltage or decreasing the resistance.
In a simple circuit, lowering the voltage will not cause the resistance to do anything. Lowering the voltage will, however, cause the current to also lower.This ignores temperature coefficient. If there is substantial power involved, a typical bulb, for instance, will grow cooler and its resistance will decrease when you lower the voltage, but that is usually a small effect.
This causes flow because voltage is what powers a circuit
An inductive load can cause current to lag voltage in an AC circuit. An increase in resistance will decrease amount of current flow.
Most likely a short circuit will cause no voltage. Due to the high current on a short circuit fault the over current protection of the circuit will trip. This will cut the voltage supply off completely.
An electromotive force is the potential difference developed by a voltage source, and is necessary to cause current to flow through a circuit. Strictly-speaking, it is the open-circuit potential difference of a battery, generator, etc. An alternative definition is that an e.m.f. is equal to the sum of the voltage drops around any closed loop, including any internal voltage drop.
The signal or output of a circuit is often affected by changes in the supply voltage and/or ambient temperature. A biasing circuit is designed to consistently output a selected voltage (or current). Depending on the circuit topology, a change in supply voltage or temperature can cause the intended value to drift. In an increase in temperature can, for example, increase resistances in a circuit. Such effects are usually undesireable and thus a supply/temperature independent bias would be needed. Electronic component manufactures will frequently provide tolerances for outputs relative to changes in supply voltage and temperature.
What are the changes to the resistance and the voltage will always increase the current in a circuit
It depends on the circuit. For example, providing the a.c. voltage is the same as the rated d.c. voltage, it would not harm a lighting circuit.
Voltage leads current or, more specifically current lags voltage, in an inductive circuit. This is because an inductor resists a change in current.