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You have the meninges to cover the brain and spinal cord. Meninges composed of three layers. Outer most is tough and called as dura matter. Extradural means between the dura matter and the skull. Typically the middle meningeal artery brakes to give you that extradural hematoma. It is also called as epidural hematoma. The British spell it as haematoma. The US should spell it as hematoma, I guess.
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What is mild ventral extradural defect at the L3-L4?
There are ventral extradural impressions noted at c5/c6 and c6/c7 with effacementof ventral aspect of the cervical cord at c5/c6 and c6/c7.
What is a extradural abscess?
Extradural abscess, commonly associated with osteomyelitis, often arises from an adjacent focus of infection, such as sinusitis or a surgical procedure. When the process occurs in the spinal epidural space, it may causespinal cord compression and constitute a neurosurgical emergency. fatma :)
What is code for cranioplasty for a depressed skull fracture simple extradural for a patient with mild diabetes well controlled?
00215
What is the anesthesia code for cranioplasty for a depressed skull fracture simple extradural for a patient with mild diabetes well controlled?
00215
What is extradural defect?
Break it down: MC Hammer style Ventral is for humans front part of the body (ie. the chest, knees, face, etc) Extra is outside Dural is having to do with the dura mater, one of the layers of the membranes covering the spinal cord. So a ventral extradural defect would be some sort of defect (probably a weakness) on the outer boundary between the dura mater and the spinal cord at the belly side of the cord. It could represent anything from changes of aging to a herniated disk to a tumor. The rest of the radiology report, as well as the history and physical, will tell you the medical meaning of this description term.
Extradural hemorrhage?
DefinitionAn extradural hemorrhage is bleeding between the inside of the skull and the outer covering of the brain (called the "dura").Alternative NamesExtradural hematoma; Epidural hematomaCauses, incidence, and risk factorsAn extradural hemorrhage is often caused by a skull fracture during childhood or adolescence. This type of bleeding is more common in young people because the membrane covering the brain is not as firmly attached to the skull as it is in older people.An extradural hemorrhage occurs when there is a rupture of a blood vessel, usually an artery, which then bleeds into the space between the "dura mater" and the skull. The affected vessels are often torn by skull fractures.This is most often the result of a severe head injury, such as those caused by motorcycle or automobile accidents. Extradural hemorrhages can be caused by venous (from a vein) bleeding in young children.Rapid bleeding causes a collection of blood (hematoma) that presses on the brain, causing a rapid increase of the pressure inside the head (intracranial pressure). This pressure may result in additional brain injury.An extradural hemorrhage is an emergency because it may lead to permanent brain damage and death if left untreated. There may be a rapid worsening within minutes to hours, from drowsiness to coma and death.SymptomsA health care provider should be consulted for any head injury that results in even a brief loss of consciousness or if there are any other symptoms after a head injury (even without loss of consciousness).The typical pattern of symptoms that indicate an extradural hemorrhage is loss of consciousness, followed by alertness, then loss of consciousness again. But this pattern may NOT appear in all people.The most important symptoms of an extradural hemorrhage are:ConfusionDizzinessDrowsiness or altered level of alertnessEnlarged pupil in one eyeHeadache(severe)Head injury or trauma followed by loss of consciousness, an period of alertness, then rapid deterioration back to unconsciousnessNausea and/or vomitingWeakness of part of the body, usually on the opposite side from the side with the enlarged pupilThe symptoms usually occur within minutes to hours after a head injury and indicate an emergency situation.Signs and testsThe neurological examination may indicate that a specific part of the brain is malfunctioning (for instance, arm weakness on one side) or may indicate increased intracranial pressure.If there is increased intracranial pressure, emergency surgery may be needed in order to relieve the pressure and prevent further brain injury.A head CT scanwill confirm the diagnosis of an extradural hemorrhage and will pinpoint the exact location of the hematoma and any associated skull fracture.TreatmentAn extradural hemorrhage is an emergency condition! Treatment goals include taking measures to save the person's life, controlling symptoms, and minimizing or preventing permanent damage to the brain.Life support measures may be required. Emergency surgery is almost always necessary to reduce pressure within the brain. This may include drilling a small hole in the skull to relieve pressure and allow drainage of the blood from the brain.Large hematomas or solid blood clots may need to be removed through a larger opening in the skull (craniotomy).Medications used in addition to surgery will vary according to the type and severity of symptoms and brain damage that occurs.Anticonvulsant medications (such as phenytoin) may be used to control or prevent seizures. Some medications called "hyperosmotic agents" (like mannitol, glycerol, and hypertonic saline) may be used to reduce brain swelling.Expectations (prognosis)An extradural hemorrhage has a high risk of death without prompt surgical intervention. Even with prompt medical attention, a significant risk of death and disability remains.ComplicationsThere is a risk of permanent brain injury whether the disorder is treated or untreated. Symptoms (such as seizures) may persist for several months, even after treatment, but in time they usually become less frequent or disappear completely. Seizures may begin as many as 2 years after the injury.In adults, most recovery occurs in the first 6 months, with some improvement over approximately 2 years. Children usually recover more quickly and completely than adults.Incomplete recovery is the result of brain damage. Other complications include permanent symptoms (such as paralysis or loss of sensation, which began at the time of the injury), herniation of the brain(which may result in permanent coma), and normal pressure hydrocephalus (excess fluid in the cavities of the brain).Calling your health care providerGo to the emergency room or call 911 if symptoms of extradural hemorrhage occur.Spinal injuries often occur with head injuries, so if you must move the person before help arrives, try to keep his or her neck still.Call your health care provider if symptoms persist after treatment, including memory loss, difficulty maintaining attention, dizziness, headache, anxiety, speech difficulties, and complete or partial loss of movement in part of the body.Go to the emergency room or call 911 if emergency symptoms develop after treatment, including breathing difficulties, convulsions/seizures, decreased responsiveness, loss of consciousness, enlarged pupils, and uneven pupil size.PreventionAn extradural hemorrhage may not be preventable once a head injury has occurred.To minimize the risk of head injury, use appropriate safety equipment (such as hard hats, bicycle or motorcycle helmets, and seat belts).Follow general safety rules. For example, do not dive into water if the water depth is unknown or if rocks may be present. Use appropriate safety precautions in sports, recreation, and work. Drive safely.ReferencesBiros MH, Heegaard WG. Head injury. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 38.
What is the role of dura mater?
The dura mater is the outermost of the three coverings of the central nervous system. It functions to contain the cerebrospinal fluid.
What are 5 pathologies of the nervous system?
The nervous system is vulnerable to various disorders. Can be damaged through injuries; infections; degeneration; structural defects and tumors. Disorders may involve: vascular disorder- stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hematoma and extradural hemorrhage. infections - meningitis, encephalitis, polio, and epidural abcess. structural disorders - brain or spinal injury; Bell's palsy; cervical spondylosis; carpal tunnel syndrome, brain or spinal cord tumors, peripheral neuropathy and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Functional disorders - such as headache, epilepsy, dizziness and neuralgia. degeneration - such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, (ALS) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's chorea and alzheimer's.
Can cell phones kill you?
The link between radiation from cellphones and cancer is as yet unconfirmed. However, if someone threw a cellphone at you really hard in the head then it might just kill you, depending on internal bleeding. The likely cause would be an extradural haematoma. Alternatively, if you ate a cellphone, that might kill you too, depending on the components of the cellphone, not to mention the broken glass cutting your intestines and stomach. Finally, cellhpones can be a distraction, eg whilst driving, so yes a car accident that is secondary to cellphone distraction could kill you. On the whole, not really.
Who was king Henry and what did he do?
he was a mean person who lived with mean people in a mean castle on a mean hill in a mean country in a mean continent in a mean world in a mean solar system in a mean galaxy in a mean universe in a mean dimension
What does (.)(.) mean?
you mean what you mean
What is a ventral epidural defect?
Break it down: MC Hammer style Ventral is for humans front part of the body (ie. the chest, knees, face, etc) Extra is outside Dural is having to do with the dura mater, one of the layers of the membranes covering the spinal cord. So a ventral extradural defect would be some sort of defect (probably a weakness) on the outer boundary between the dura mater and the spinal cord at the belly side of the cord. It could represent anything from changes of aging to a herniated disk to a tumor. The rest of the radiology report, as well as the history and physical, will tell you the medical meaning of this description term.
