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"Giraffe Necking" is the term used to describe the appearance of a tube showing a number of uneven hotzones. It may occur for three main reasons. It may be an extreme type of the hot zone problem caused by extensive deactivation by catalyst poisoning or masking by a surface deposit. It may also be caused by channelling in the catalyst bed, where the gas passes preferentially through certain parts of the catalyst. When channelling occurs, the tube is cooled where gas is flowing and the reaction is occuring and overheats where the passage of gas is blocked. Channeling can be caused by packets of broken catalyst and dust or by accumulation of carbon. Lastly, especially in the case of old catalyst, giraffe necking may indicate that the catalyst is nearing the end of its active life and parts of it are falling below the minimum required activity and the catalyst requires charging.

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Q: What does it means by giraffe necking at catalyst tubes?
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