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Kallisto (Greek: Καλλιστώ) was the daughter of Lycaon, King of Arkadia, and nymph of the goddess Artemis. The name means "most beautiful", as she was the most beautiful nymph of Artemis.
Her beauty did not go unnoticed; Zeus transformed himself into Artemis to seduce Kallisto and when the nymph let her guard down, he raped her. Since the nymphs had sworn to Artemis to keep their virginity, Kallisto hid her condition for as long as possible, terrified of the goddess' wrath.
When her condition can no longer be hidden, she was banished by Artemis and wandered off Into the Woods where she gave birth to her son Arkas. Hera, Zeus' wife, was was jealous and enraged at her husband's infidelity and turned Kallisto into a beastly bear. Zeus quickly stepped in and swept Arkas away before Hear can get to him and hid him in the mountains of what would be known as Arkadia.
Later on the boy grew up to be an amazing hunter. On one of his hunts, he encountered his mother who he did not know was a bear. Filled with joy, she ran to him calling his name "Arkas, Arkas!" but he only saw a ferocious bear, roaring, and charging towards him. Just as he was about to slay her with his arrow, Zeus took pity on them and to prevent the tragedy, turned Arkas into a bear and swept the two up into the heavens. They became Ursa Major (Greek: Μεγάλη Άρκτος) and Ursa Minor (Greek: Μικρά Άρκτος).
Hera was not pleased with this and told her nurse Tythys, wife of Oceanus, to separate the two and never let them touch the ocean to refresh themselves which explains their circumpolar positions. Their long tails can be explained by Zeus swinging them up into the sky causing them to stretch.
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What is the mythology behind Ursa Major The Great Bear?
The myth is that Zeus fancied one of Artemis' nymphs, Kallisto (or Callisto). She gets a son, Arcas. To protect her from being killed by virgin goddess Artemis, Zeus changes her into a bear. While in bear form, Kallisto later encounters her son Arcas. Arcas almost kills her, not recognizing her mother as a bear. To stop a tragedy, Zeus casts them both into the sky. Kallisto becomes Ursa Major, Arcas Ursa Minor or according to some sources Bootes "The Bear Keeper".
Was ist der Kallisto-Effekt?
Der Kallisto-Effekt beschreibt die Tendenz von Menschen, sich in einer sozialen Gruppe an die Meinungen oder Verhaltensweisen der Mehrheit anzupassen, selbst wenn diese möglicherweise falsch oder irrational sind. Dieser Effekt kann dazu führen, dass individuelle Urteile und Entscheidungen durch den Gruppenzwang beeinflusst werden. Er ist benannt nach dem Mond Kallisto, der als Beispiel für eine der vielen Himmelskörper dient, die um einen Planeten kreisen und dessen Einfluss unterliegen. Der Kallisto-Effekt wird häufig in der Psychologie und Soziologie untersucht, um Gruppenverhalten und Entscheidungsprozesse zu verstehen.
What happens to the nymph Callisto?
In Greek mythology, Callisto or Kallisto was a nymph of Lycaon. She was transformed into a bear and set among the stars, and she was the bear-mother of the Arcadians.
Who is Arkas?
Arkas was α person of Greek mythology, eponymous hero of Arkadia, primogenitor of Arcadians, 3rd mythical king of Arkadia.By Pausania, he was son and successor of Nyktimon, grandson of Lykaon and descendant of Pelasgos,name giver of the population of Arcadians and of the country from Pelasgia in Arkadia. His mother was the nymph Kallisto, his wife was Leanera or at other the nymph Erato, and his sons Elatos, Afeidas, (illegitimate) Aytolaos and Azan,name giver of Azans.Arkas led Pelasgians, that were renamed in Arcadians. When Arkas entered in holy Lykaion Zeus, the Arcadians wanted to kill him, considering him an action profaner. Zeus however intervened to save him. In the end of his life,Arkasshared the ground of Arkadia to his three sons.At the mythology, he was son of Zeus and of the nymph Kallisto which was daughter of Lykaon and Zeus fell in love with her, fruit of this love was Arkas. Certain versions wanted him a twin brother of Pan. According to the myth, Lykaon offered his grandson as dinner to the gods. Zeus however resurected Arkas. Ira transformed Kallisto in bear in order to punishes her for having been Zeus's lover.When Arkas grew up met that bear by chance and he attempted to murder it. Zeus in order to avoid the tragedy, transformed Arka in baby bear and afterwards he transformed mother and son in constellations:Graet Bear is Kallisto and Little Bear is Arkas.
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