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AnswerScholars have established that Mark's Gospel was the first to be written, around 70 CE, and that Matthew and Luke were entirely dependent on Mark for their information about the life and mission of Jesus. However, Matthew and Luke also have considerable content on which they both agree quite closely, but which is not found in Mark.

Scholars now realise that when the the two gospels agree like this, they both used a common written source, in the Greek language because the wording is often identical in Greek. This hypothetical document is called 'Q' (from Quelle, from German: 'source').

Q is only a sayings document and does not provide any information about when, where or in what context Jesus might have said what has been attributed to him. So the authors of Matthew and Luke had to create their own, often quite different scenarios for the stories surrounding the sayings, often in parables to avoid complexity. Another interesting aspect of Q is that there is no mention at all of the crucifixion or resurrection.

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Q: What does the reference to Q mean in footnotes to the New American Bible?
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